Centaurea ×moncktonii

C. E. Britton

Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 6: 172. 1921.

Common names: Meadow or protean knapweed
Synonyms: Centaurea debeauxii subsp. thuillieri Dostál Centaurea jacea var. pratensis W. D. J. Koch Centaurea jacea subsp. ×pratensis (W. D. J. Koch) Celakovsky Centaurea nigra var. radiata de Candolle Centaurea thuillieri
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 187. Mentioned on page 184, 186, 188.

Perennials, 30–150 cm. Stems 1–few, erect or ascending, openly branched distally, villous to scabrous with septate hairs and loosely tomentose, ± glabrate. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate or elliptic, 5–25 cm, margins entire or shallowly dentate to irregularly pinnately lobed; distal cauline sessile, not decurrent, blades linear to lanceolate, gradually smaller, entire or dentate. Heads usually radiant (rarely discoid), in few-headed corymbiform arrays, borne on leafy-bracted peduncles. Involucres ovoid to campanulate or hemispheric, 15–18 mm, usually ± as wide as high. Principal phyllaries: bodies lanceolate to ovate, loosely tomentose or glabrous, usually concealed by expanded appendages, appendages erect, overlapping, light to dark-brown, flat or ± concave, margins varying from coarsely dentate to pectinately dissected into ± wiry lobes. Inner phyllaries: tips truncate, irregularly dentate or lobed. Florets 40–100+, all fertile or the peripheral sterile; corollas purple (rarely white), those of sterile florets ± expanded and exceeding corollas of fertile florets, those of fertile florets 15–18 mm. Cypselae tan, 2.5–3 mm, finely hairy; pappi 0 or of many unequal, sometimes caducous bristles 0.5–1 mm. 2n = 22 (England), 44.


Phenology: Flowering spring–fall (May–Nov).
Habitat: Roadsides, riverbanks, pastures, meadows, forest openings, waste areas
Elevation: 0–1000 m

Distribution

V19-213-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; B.C., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., Que., Calif., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Vt., Va., Wash., Wis., Europe

Discussion

Centaurea ×moncktonii is native to Europe or originated in North America from European ancestry.

Meadow knapweeds represent an array of mutually interfertile intermediates derived by hybridization and backcrossing among the various cytotypes of the Centaurea jacea complex. The plants variously combine features of C. jacea and C. nigra, and perhaps C. nigrescens as well. The hybrid complex includes both diploids and tetraploids. Extremes approach the parental types. Meadow knapweeds are often present without either parent in the immediate vicinity. They are considered to be noxious weeds in British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.

Centaurea pratensis J. L. Thuillier, sometimes applied to plants that belong here, is not a legitimate name.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"glabrous" is not a number. "tomentose" is not a number."fine" is not a number."fine" is not a number.

... more about "Centaurea ×moncktonii"
with fine , 1-celled hairs +  and glabrous +
rounded;acute +
scarious +
light +  and dark-brown +
concave +  and flat +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
David J. Keil +  and Jörg Ochsmann +
C. E. Britton +
decurrent +
Asteraceae tribe Cynareae +
compound +  and simple +
dentate +  and entire +
linear;lanceolate +
smaller +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
10-nerved or 20-nerved +  and rugose +
lanceolate;ovate +
barbed +  and smooth +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Meadow or protean knapweed +
actinomorphic +
radial +  and bilateral +
white +  and blue pink purple or yellow +
inconspicuous +
expanded +  and slender +
compressed +  and barrel--shaped +
fertile +  and bisexual +
B.C. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Calif. +, Conn. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Maine +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, Wis. +  and Europe +
0–1000 m +
glandular-punctate +
puberulent +, strigose +, villous +, tomentose +  and glabrous +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
fertile +  and sterile +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
Roadsides, riverbanks, pastures, meadows, forest openings, waste areas +
disciform +  and discoid +
indeterminate +
each +  and sessile +
ovoid;campanulate or hemispheric +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
sessile +  and petiolate +
cauline +  and basal +
coarsely dentate +  and pectinately dissected +
shallowly dentate to irregularly pinnately lobed +  and entire +
usually lobed +  and dissected +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
of many unequal , sometimes caducous bristles +
Flowering spring–fall (May–Nov). +
papillate +  and smooth +
distinct +  and fused +
Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles +
flat;convex +
exalbuminous +
ascending +  and erect +
glabrate +, tomentose +, villous +  and scabrous +
1 +  and few +
appendaged +  and truncate +
dilated +  and swollen +
enlarged +
Centaurea debeauxii subsp. thuillieri +, Centaurea jacea var. pratensis +, Centaurea jacea subsp. ×pratensis +, Centaurea nigra var. radiata +  and Centaurea thuillieri +
Centaurea ×moncktonii +
Centaurea +
species +
lobed +  and dentate +
tomentose +  and glabrous +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (150 cm1,500 mm <br />1.5 m <br />) +
tree +, vine +, shrub +  and subshrub +
15 +, 13 +, 12 +, 11 +, 10 +, 9 +  and 8 +