Cochlearia groenlandica

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 647. 1753.

IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Cochlearia arctica Schlechtendal ex de Candolle Cochlearia arctica subsp. oblongifolia (de Candolle) V. V. Petrovsky Cochlearia fenestrata de Candolle Cochlearia oblongifolia Linnaeus Cochlearia officinalis subsp. arctica (Schlechtendal ex de Candolle) Hultén Cochlearia officinalis subsp. oblongifolia (de Candolle) Hultén Cochlearia officinalis var. oblongifolia (de Candolle) Gelert Cochleariopsis groenlandica Cochleariopsis groenlandica subsp. oblongifolia (de Candolle) Á. Löve & D. Löve
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 515. Mentioned on page 516.

Biennials or perennials. Stems usually few to several from base, rarely simple, erect to decumbent, branched distally, (0.1–) 0.5–3 (–4) dm. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole (0.2–) 1–7 (–10) cm; blade deltate to ovate, (0.3–) 0.7–2 (–2.5) cm × (2–) 5–20 mm, base cuneate or truncate, margins entire, repand, or obscurely dentate, apex obtuse. Cauline leaves petiolate (shortly petiolate or sessile distally); blade 0.4–2 cm × 1–15 mm, base cuneate (not auriculate), margins entire, repand, or slightly dentate, apex acute. Racemes many-flowered. Fruiting pedicels divaricate to ascending, rarely erect, (2–) 5–15 (–20) mm. Flowers: sepals ovate or oblong, 1–2 (–3) × 0.5–1.5 mm; petals oblanceolate to spatulate, 2–4 (–5) × (0.5–) 0.8–2 (–3) mm; filaments 1–2 (–2.5) mm; anthers 0.2–0.3 mm. Fruits ovoid to ellipsoid or obovoid, 3–6 (–7) × 2–4 (–5) mm, terete or slightly angustiseptate; valves usually not or obscurely reticulate, rarely distinctly so; septum complete or fenestrate; ovules 8–14 per ovary; style 0.1–0.4 mm. Seeds brown, ovoid to subglobose, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm, papillate. 2n = 14.


Phenology: Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat: Tidal flats, beaches, dunes, lagoons, stream banks, seepage, peat hammocks, meadows, herb mats, tundra, maritime rocky beaches and slopes, bare areas of polygons, mud flat bird nesting sites
Elevation: 0-100 m

Distribution

V7 810-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, B.C., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., Nunavut, Que., Yukon, Alaska, Calif., Oreg., Wash.

Discussion

R. C. Rollins (1993) treated the North American plants with 2n = 14 as members of Cochlearia officinalis. That species is a strictly European tetraploid with 2n = 24. In our opinion, plants of the arctic and subarctic C. groenlandica complex represent an evolutionary lineage with x = 7, which is entirely distinct from that including the European C. officinalis and its relatives with x = 6. The systematic relationships of the x = 7 group to the 2n = 14 Icelandic plants of the C. pyrenaica complex are still unresolved.

The North American plants are extremely variable in flower size, petal shape, and fruit shape and size. They are much in need of detailed cytological, morphological, and molecular studies.

Cochlearia groenlandica is known in California from nesting areas on off-shore rocks in Del Norte County; in Oregon it occurs on ocean bluffs in Coos and Curry counties (A. Liston, pers. comm.). It appears to be naturally occurring in both states.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Cochlearia groenlandica"
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
acute +  and obtuse +
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz +  and Marcus Koch +
Linnaeus +
cuneate +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
not +  and auriculate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
sinuate-dentate +, dentate +  and entire +
deltate;ovate +
much smaller +  and reduced +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
well-developed +
indistinct +
not differentiated +
emarginate +  and entire +
Greenland +, B.C. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, Nunavut +, Que. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Calif. +, Oreg. +  and Wash. +
0-100 m +
straight +  and curved +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
connate +  and distinct +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
actinomorphic +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
angustiseptate +, terete +, ovoid +  and ellipsoid or obovoid +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
angustiseptate +  and subterete +
Tidal flats, beaches, dunes, lagoons, stream banks, seepage, peat hammocks, meadows, herb mats, tundra, maritime rocky beaches and slopes, bare areas of polygons, mud flat bird nesting sites +
sessile +  and petiolate +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
cauline +  and basal +
connate +  and distinct +
decurrent +
dentate +  and entire +
dentate;repand;dentate;repand;entire;dentate;repand;dentate;repand;entire +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
rudimentary +
oblanceolate +  and spatulate +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
Flowering Jun–Aug. +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
many-flowered +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
erect +  and ascending +
slender +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
mucilaginous +
not +  and mucilaginous +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
papillate +
ovoid +  and subglobose +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
persistent +  and caducous +
distinct +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
ascending +  and spreading +
oblong +  and ovate +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
fenestrate +  and complete +
reduced +
latiseptate +, schizocarpic +, samaroid +  and lomentaceous +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
angustiseptate +, flat +, angled +, terete +, torulose +, not +, segmented +  and nutletlike +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
tetradynamous +
subequal +
branched +  and simple +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
erect +  and decumbent +
usually few +  and several +
2-lobed +, entire +, conical +  and capitate +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
persistent +
distinct +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
Cochlearia arctica +, Cochlearia arctica subsp. oblongifolia +, Cochlearia fenestrata +, Cochlearia oblongifolia +, Cochlearia officinalis subsp. arctica +, Cochlearia officinalis subsp. oblongifolia +, Cochlearia officinalis var. oblongifolia +, Cochleariopsis groenlandica +  and Cochleariopsis groenlandica subsp. oblongifolia +
Cochlearia groenlandica +
Cochlearia +
species +
eglandular +, peltate +, malpighiaceous +, dendritic +, sessile +, stalked +, simple +  and unicellular +
scale-like +  and forked +
coiled +, 1-7-veined +  and veined +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
anastomosing +
perennial +  and biennial +
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
glabrous +  and pubescent +