familyCistaceae
genusCrocanthemum
speciesCrocanthemum canadense

Crocanthemum canadense

(Linnaeus) Britton in N. L. Britton and A. Brown

in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 540. 1913.

Bruce A. Sorrie
Common names: Canada rockrose or frostweed crocanthème du Canada
Endemic
Basionym: Cistus canadensis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 526. 1753
Synonyms: Helianthemum canadense (Linnaeus) Michaux H. canadense var. sabulonum Fernald Lechea major
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 403. Mentioned on page 401, 405.

Herbs. Stems ascending to erect, usually red-tinged, 15–50 (–65) cm, stellate-pubescent to glabrate. Leaves cauline; petiole 1–3 mm; blade oblanceolate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, tapered to base, 12–30 (–38) × 4–7 (–10) mm, apex acute, surfaces stellate-tomentose and with scattered simple hairs abaxially, ± lustrous, sparsely stellate-pubescent and with simple hairs adaxially, lateral-veins raised abaxially. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, cymes; chasmogamous flowers 1–3 per cyme, cleistogamous 1–3 per glomerule, on lateral leafy branches 6–18 cm, flowering 1–3 months later than chasmogamous. Pedicels (1.5–) 4–10 (–17) mm, with stellate and simple hairs; bracts absent. Chasmogamous flowers: outer sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–1 mm, inner sepals 5–9 × 3.5–5 mm, apex acute; petals obovate, 8–15 × 6–14 mm; capsules 5–8 × 4–7 mm, glabrous. Cleistogamous flowers: outer sepals rudimentary, 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.4 mm, inner sepals obovate, 2.5–4 × 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acute; capsules 2.3–3.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. 2n = 20.


Phenology: Flowering late Mar–Jul(–Aug).
Habitat: Sandy or rocky barrens, glades, sandhills, prairies, fields, roadsides, maritime grasslands and heathlands, interdunes, pine-oak woodlands, oak-hickory woodlands, rocky slopes
Elevation: 0–700 m

Distribution

V6 761-distribution-map.jpg

N.S., Ont., Que., Ala., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Crocanthemum canadense and C. dumosum are distinguished from sympatric species by simple hairs among the stellate ones on leaf surfaces and by reddish colored stems. Until the twentieth century, C. canadense was treated much more broadly, to include C. bicknellii, C. dumosum, and C. propinquum; it differs from C. bicknellii and C. propinquum by having simple hairs on foliage (versus stellate only) and larger cleistogamous capsules. Its closest relative is 7. C. dumosum; see that treatment for identification aids.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Crocanthemum canadense"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
20 +
Apex shape
acute +
Author
Bruce A. Sorrie +
Authority
(Linnaeus) Britton in N. L. Britton and A. Brown +
Basionyms
Cistus canadensis +
Blade architecture
veined +
Blade arrangement or shape
elliptic +  and oblanceolate-elliptic to narrowly +
Blade atypical length
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (3.8 cm38 mm <br />0.038 m <br />) +
Blade atypical width
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Blade length
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Blade quantity
3;45 +
Blade shape
tapered +
Blade width
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Bract presence
absent +
Capsule length
0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
Capsule pubescence
glabrous +
Capsule width
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
Common name
Canada rockrose or frostweed +  and crocanthème du Canada +
Distribution
N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
Elevation
0–700 m +
Filament fusion
connate +  and distinct +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower condition
later than chasmogamous +
Flower life cycle
flowering +
Flower quantity
1;3 +
Flower reproduction
cleistogamous +  and chasmogamous +
Fruit architecture
capsular +
Fruit dehiscence
loculicidal +
Habitat
Sandy or rocky barrens, glades, sandhills, prairies, fields, roadsides, maritime grasslands and heathlands, interdunes, pine-oak woodlands, oak-hickory woodlands, rocky slopes +
Hair architecture
simple +
Hair arrangement
scattered +
Hair arrangement or shape
stellate +
Hair quantity
1;20 +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence architecture
umbellate +, thyrsiform +  and cymose +
Inflorescence arrangement
racemose +, paniculate +  and corymbose +
Inflorescence position
subterminal +  and terminal +
Inner sepal length
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Inner sepal shape
obovate +
Inner sepal width
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
Lateral-vein prominence
raised +
Lateral branch architecture
leafy +
Lateral branch some measurement
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
Leaf architecture
stipulate +  and estipulate +
Leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Leaf position
cauline +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin shape
undulate +  and revolute +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Outer integument width
thin +
Outer sepal length
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
Outer sepal prominence
rudimentary +
Outer sepal shape
lanceolate +
Outer sepal width
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +
Ovary architecture
6-12-carpellate +, 5-carpellate +, 3-carpellate +  and 2-carpellate +
Ovary placentation
parietal +
Ovary position
superior +
Ovule architecture
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
Ovule orientation
orthotropous +
Pedicel atypical some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br />) +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Pedicel some measurement
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Petal arrangement
crumpled +  and imbricate +
Petal coloration
yellow +, white +, red +, purple +, pink +, dark red +  and green +
Petal duration
caducous +
Petal fusion
distinct +
Petal length
8mm;15mm +
Petal presence
absent +
Petal quantity
3;5 +
Petal shape
obovate +
Petal width
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
Petiole some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Phenology
Flowering late Mar–Jul(–Aug). +
Publication title
in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. +
Publication year
1913 +
Reference
None +
Seed atypical quantity
1 (3) +
Seed quantity
3;800 +
Sepal duration
persistent +
Sepal life cycle
falling +
Sepal quantity
3;5 +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6 761.xml +
Special status
Endemic +
Stamen atypical quantity
3 (5) +
Stamen quantity
5;150 +
Stem atypical some measurement
50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br /> (65 cm650 mm <br />0.65 m <br />) +
Stem coloration
red-tinged +
Stem growth form
not dimorphic +
Stem orientation
ascending +  and erect +
Stem pubescence
stellate-pubescent +  and glabrate +
Stem some measurement
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
Stigma quantity
3 +  and 1 +
Stipule architecture
sessile +  and petiolate +
Stipule duration
caducous +
Style presence
absent +
Style quantity
1 +
Surface pubescence
stellate-pubescent +  and stellate-tomentose +
Surface reflectance
lustrous +
Synonyms
Helianthemum canadense +, H. canadense var. sabulonum +  and Lechea major +
Taxon family
Cistaceae +
Taxon name
Crocanthemum canadense +
Taxon parent
Crocanthemum +
Taxon rank
species +
Volume
Volume 6 +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
herb +
Whole organism pubescence
hairy +
Whole organism some measurement
0.4dm (8dm) +
X chromosome quantity
10 +