Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides

(Huebener) T. J. Koponen

Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5: 143. 1968.

Illustrated
Basionym: Mnium hymenophylloides Huebener Muscol. Germ., 416. 1833
Synonyms: Astrophyllum hymenophylloides (Huebener) Lindberg Bryum hymenophylloides (Huebener) Hartman
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 220. Mentioned on page 221.

Plants (0.5–) 2–3 cm. Stems erect, arcuate, or ± plagiotropic, simple or irregularly and sparingly branched; micronemata present. Leaves crisped when dry, 1–2 mm; base not or short-decurrent; apex obtuse, rounded, or sometimes acute, apiculate; costa percurrent or subpercurrent; medial laminal cells (22–) 25–35 (–45) µm; marginal cells linear, sometimes short-linear, or rarely rhomboidal, in (1–) 2–3 rows. [Capsule straight or cernuous; exostome lamellae 20. Spores 13–18 µm].


Phenology: Capsules mature summer.
Habitat: Dry or moist calcareous sites, rock ledges, crevices, under forest cover, in the Arctic on low hummocks in wetlands or in cracks in dry to mesic soil
Elevation: low to moderate elevations

Distribution

V28 351-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., Que., Yukon, Alaska, Maine, Mass., Minn., N.H., N.Y., Vt., Eurasia

Discussion

Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides is a circumpolar arctic-alpine(-montane) species, in North America restricted to glaciated terrain. It is present southward in mountainous areas and sometimes in the lowlands under temperate deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous forest on shaded gorge walls. The species is disjunct in low elevation sites in New York and New England. It sometimes grows in dense colonies but more often is found scattered among other bryophytes. The pseudodistichous leaf arrangement is expressed in mesic, shaded habitats, whereas leaves are often spirally arranged and contorted in drier fully illuminated sites; this latter expression may resemble small plants of C. hymenophyllum. The bluish green, apiculate, flat, ovate, not or short-decurrent leaves are diagnostic in the field. Sporophytes are unknown in North America. Male plants are rare (N. G. Miller and G. S. Mogensen 1997, 2000), whereas female plants occur throughout the range. Capsules and peristomes are poorly known and have been found once in Sweden (N. P. H. Persson 1915). The collection by Persson was reexamined by E. Nyholm (1954–1969, no. 2), who reported phaneropore stomata. Characteristics of the capsule, as presented here, are taken from Persson and Nyholm. A few adaxial stereids are shown in illustrations in T. J. Koponen (1993), and the authors have observed them in some leaf sections.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
blackish +, orange-yellow +, reddish-brown +, yellowish-brown +, yellowish green +, red +, brown +  and yellow +
acute +, rounded +  and obtuse +
Norton G. Miller† +  and Gert Steen Mogensen +
(Huebener) T. J. Koponen +
short-decurrent +
long-decurrent +
Mnium hymenophylloides +
cucullate +
strongly inclined;horizontal +
cylindric +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
undifferentiated +
2 +  and 1 +
nodulose +
subpercurrent +
toothed +
Greenland +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, Que. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Maine +, Mass. +, Minn. +, N.H. +, N.Y. +, Vt. +  and Eurasia +
low to moderate elevations +
lanceolate-acuminate +
Dry or moist calcareous sites, rock ledges, crevices, under forest cover, in the Arctic on low hummocks in wetlands or in cracks in dry to mesic soil +
crowded +  and distant +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
reddish +, brownish +, green +  and bluish green +
erect-spreading +  and erect +
crisped +
larger +  and small +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
bluish green +  and green +
dioicous +, synoicous +  and sexual +
rhomboidal +  and short-linear +
short-elongate +  and isodiametric +
rostrate +, mammillate +, apiculate +, hemispheric +  and conic +
Capsules mature summer. +
Ann. Bot. Fenn. +
reddish-brown +  and brown +
smaller +  and larger +
straight +
elongate +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Illustrated +
spheric +
branched +, irregularly +  and simple +
black +  and brown +
phaneroporous +
Astrophyllum hymenophylloides +  and Bryum hymenophylloides +
Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides +
Cyrtomnium +
species +
blunt +  and sharp +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
dioicous +  and sexual +