familyFumariaceae
genusDicentra
speciesDicentra eximia

Dicentra eximia

(Ker Gawler) Torrey

Fl. New York 1: 46. 1843.

Kingsley R. Stern
Common names: Eastern bleeding-heart
Endemic
Basionym: Fumaria eximia Ker Gawler Bot. Reg. 1: plate 50. 1815
Synonyms: Bicuculla eximia (Ker Gawler) Millspaugh
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Plants perennial, scapose, from elongate, stout, scaly rhizomes. Leaves (10-) 20-35 (-55) × (5-) 10-15 (-30) cm; blade with 4 orders of leaflets and lobes; abaxial surface glaucous; penultimate lobes lanceolate to oblong or ovate, (6-) 10-20 (-35) × 2-5 mm. Inflorescences paniculate, 5-many-flowered, usually exceeding leaves, (20-) 30-45 (-65) cm; bracts lanceolate, 3-6 (-11) × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate. Flowers pendent; sepals reniform, 2-5 (-8) × 1.5-4 mm, apex acuminate; petals rose-purple to pink, rarely white; outer petals (15-) 20-25 (-30) × 2-5 mm, reflexed portion 4-8 mm; inner petals (15-) 18-22 (-25) mm, blade 2-4 mm, claw linear-lanceolate, 5-10 (-14) × 1-2.5 mm, crest 1-3 mm diam., exceeding apex by 2-3 mm; filaments of each bundle connate at base and near apex, distinct in between, distinct portion of median filament forming loop that lies within base of outer petal; nectariferous tissue borne toward base of median filament; style 7-14 mm; stigma 2-horned. Capsules oblong to ovoid, (15-) 18-22 (-27) × ca. 4 mm. Seeds slightly reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., finely reticulate, elaiosome present. 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering mid spring–early fall.
Habitat: Dry to moist, rocky, mountain woods, often in rock crevices at cliff bases
Elevation: 100-1700 m

Distribution

V3 342-distribution-map.gif

Md., N.J., N.C., Pa., Tenn., Va., W.Va.

Discussion

The natural range of Dicentra eximia extends along the Appalachians from North Carolina and Tennessee to Maryland and Pennsylvania. It is frequently cultivated and sometimes escapes outside that area, but it evidently has not become truly naturalized beyond it. Such garden escapes, perhaps including misidentified plants of D. formosa, also widely cultivated, are almost surely the basis for reports of D. eximia from Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, New York, Connecticut, and Vermont.

Several patented hybrids between Dicentra eximia and D. formosa are sold in nurseries.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Dicentra eximia"
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2n chromosome quantity
16 +
Abaxial median crest architecture
hollow +
Abaxial median crest relief
wrinkled +
Abaxial median crest texture
membranous +
Abaxial surface pubescence
glaucous +
Anther arrangement
connivent +
Apex shape
acuminate +
Apical horn quantity
2 (8) +
Author
Kingsley R. Stern +
Authority
(Ker Gawler) Torrey +
Base shape
swollen +
Basionyms
Fumaria eximia +
Blade some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Bract atypical length
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br />) +
Bract length
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Bract presence
absent +
Bract shape
lanceolate +
Bract width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Bundle filament fusion
distinct +  and connate +
Bundle quantity
2 +
Capsule architecture
2-valved +
Capsule atypical length
2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br /> (2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br />) +
Capsule dehiscence
dehiscent +  and indehiscent +
Capsule length
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
Capsule shape
oblong +  and ovoid +
Capsule width
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (?) +
Claw atypical length
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
Claw length
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Claw shape
linear-lanceolate +
Claw width
1mm;2.5mm +
Common name
Eastern bleeding-heart +
Corolla shape
cordate +  and oblong +
Crest diameter
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Distribution
Md. +, N.J. +, N.C. +, Pa. +, Tenn. +, Va. +  and W.Va. +
Elaiosome presence
absent +
Elevation
100-1700 m +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower orientation
pendent +
Flower quantity
1 +
Flower shape
each +  and plane +
Fruit architecture
capsular +
Fruit arrangement or dehiscence
valvate +
Fruit dehiscence
dehiscent +  and indehiscent +
Habitat
Dry to moist, rocky, mountain woods, often in rock crevices at cliff bases +
Horn quantity
2 (?) +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence architecture
5-many-flowered +
Inflorescence arrangement
paniculate +
Inflorescence atypical some measurement
45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br /> (65 cm650 mm <br />0.65 m <br />) +
Inflorescence position
terminal +, leaf-opposed +, extra-axillary +  and axillary +
Inflorescence some measurement
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br />) +
Inner petal atypical some measurement
2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Inner petal fusion
connate +
Inner petal shape
clawed +
Inner petal some measurement
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
Inner petal variability
alike +
Lateral anther architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Lateral papilla quantity
2 +
Leaf architecture
compound +
Leaf arrangement
alternate +
Leaf atypical length
35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br /> (55 cm550 mm <br />0.55 m <br />) +
Leaf atypical width
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
Leaf length
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Leaf width
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Lobe quantity
2 (?) +
Margin shape
serrate +, crenate +  and entire +
Median anther architecture or structure in adjective form
2-locular +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Order architecture
odd-pinnate +
Order quantity
4 (?) +
Outer petal arrangement
adjacent +
Outer petal atypical length
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Outer petal length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Outer petal quantity
3 +, both +  and 1 +
Outer petal shape
keeled +, spurred +  and swollen +
Outer petal variability
dissimilar +  and alike +
Outer petal width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Ovary shape
obovoid;narrowly cylindric +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Peduncle presence
absent +
Penultimate lobe atypical length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
Penultimate lobe length
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Penultimate lobe shape
lanceolate +  and oblong or ovate +
Penultimate lobe width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Petal coloration
white;rose-purple;pink +
Petal fusion
connate +  and coherent +
Petal quantity
4 +
Petal texture
not spongy +
Phenology
Flowering mid spring–early fall. +
Pistil architecture
2-carpellate +
Pistil quantity
1 +
Placenta arrangement
parietal +
Plane orientation
perpendicular +
Plane quantity
2 +
Portion fusion
distinct +
Portion orientation
reflexed +
Portion some measurement
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Publication title
Fl. New York +
Publication year
1843 +
Reference
None +
Rhizome architecture or pubescence
scaly +
Rhizome fragility or size
stout +
Rhizome shape
elongate +
Sap coloration
clear +
Seed architecture or coloration or relief
reticulate +
Seed diameter
2 +
Seed quantity
few;many +
Seed shape
reniform +
Seed size
small +
Sepal atypical length
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Sepal duration
caducous +
Sepal length
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Sepal quantity
2 +
Sepal shape
reniform +
Sepal width
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 342.xml +
Special status
Endemic +
Stamen quantity
6 +
Stem architecture
hollow +, branching +  and simple +
Stem growth form
climbing +  and prostrate +
Stem orientation
erect +
Stigma duration
persistent +
Stigma quantity
1 +
Stigma shape
2-horned +
Stigmatic surface shape
papillar +
Style shape
thread-like +
Style some measurement
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (?) +  and 1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (?) +
Style texture
rigid +
Surface pubescence
glaucous +  and glabrous +
Synonyms
Bicuculla eximia +
Taxon family
Fumariaceae +
Taxon name
Dicentra eximia +
Taxon parent
Dicentra +
Taxon rank
species +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Whole organism architecture
scapose +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whorl quantity
2 +
X chromosome quantity
8 +