Dicranella rufescens

(Withering) Schimper

Coroll. Bryol. Eur., 13. 1856,.

Basionym: Bryum rufescens Withering Syst. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 4, 3: 801. 1801
Synonyms: Dicranella hutchinsonii Krajina
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 390. Mentioned on page 387.

Plants to 23 mm, dull brown to redbrown. Leaves erect-spreading to subsecund, narrowly lanceolate, gradually acuminate, acute, ± keeled above; margins plane, sinuate-dentate distal to the shoulders, serrulate at apex; costa subpercurrent or, in perichaetial leaves, shortly excurrent; distal cells long-rectangular, 5–10: 1, usually slightly inflated in a marginal row. Seta to 7 mm, redbrown. Capsule 0.3–0.8 mm, erect and symmetric or nearly so, smooth (or rarely ± furrowed when old and empty); annulus none; operculum 0.3–0.5 mm, conic, short-rostrate; peristome teeth ca. 300 µm, divided 1/2 length distally. Spores 10–18 µm, nearly smooth.


Phenology: Capsules mature spring and summer.
Habitat: Wet soil on banks of roads and streams
Elevation: low to medium elevations

Distribution

B.C., N.B., N.S., P.E.I., Que., Ala., Alaska, Calif., Conn., Del., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Iowa, Ky., Md., Mass., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Europe (England), Europe (Germany), Europe (Russia), Europe (Sweden), e Asia (Japan)

Discussion

The best characters for identifying Dicranella rufescens are the smooth, erect capsule and sinuate-dentate leaf margins with clear, somewhat inflated marginal cells. The distribution of the species above includes reports by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), R. K. Lampton (1970), B. D. Mahler and W. F. Mahler (1980), J. A. McCleary and P. L. Redfearn Jr. (1979), D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock (unpubl.), Redfearn (2001), J. A. Snider and B. K. Andreas (1996), Snider et al. (unpubl.), J. C. Wilkes (1965), and I. A. Worley and Z. Iwatsuki (1970). Specimens under this name from Costa Rica and Honduras are misidentified.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Dicranella rufescens"
persistent +  and deciduous +
acute;obtuse +
Howard A. Crum† +
(Withering) Schimper +
short to long +
differentiated +
Bryum rufescens +
microphyllous +
pseudomonoicous +, dioicous +, autoicous +  and sexual +
reproduction +  and asexual +
cucullate +
nearly +  and symmetric +
arcuate +  and straight +
subglobose +, cylindric +, oblong +  and ovoid +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
specialized +
persistent +  and deciduous +
papillose +  and mammillose +
not differentiated +
, +  and subpercurrent +
papillose +  and smooth +
inflated +  and long-rectangular +
B.C. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Alaska +, Calif. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mo. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Europe (England) +, Europe (Germany) +, Europe (Russia) +, Europe (Sweden) +  and e Asia (Japan) +
low to medium elevations +
Wet soil on banks of roads and streams +
2-stratose +  and 1-stratose +
straight +
erect-spreading +
keeled +, acute +, acuminate +  and lanceolate +
serrulate +  and sinuate-dentate +
short-rostrate +  and conic +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
nonpitted +  and pitted +
toothed +  and forked +
short-acuminate +, concave +  and ovate +
pitted-striolate +
16 +  and single +
papillose +  and striolate +
Capsules mature spring and summer. +
undifferentiated +
Coroll. Bryol. Eur., +
1 +  and 2 +
flexuose +
elongate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
red +  and pitted-striolate +
papillose +
spheric +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
superficial +
furrowed +  and plicate +
Dicranella hutchinsonii +
Dicranella rufescens +
Dicranella +
species +
not deciduous +
lanceolate +
dioicous +, sexual +  and asexual +
brown +  and redbrown +