Dicranum spadiceum

J. E. Zetterstedt

Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 5(10): 20. 1865,.

Synonyms: Dicranum angustum Lindberg Dicranum laevidens R. S. Williams
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 414. Mentioned on page 399.

Plants in loose to dense tufts, green to yellowish green or brown, glossy. Stems 2.5–7 cm, densely tomentose with reddish-brown rhizoids. Leaves straight, erect-spreading, little changed when dry, smooth, (4–) 5.5–8 (–9) × 0.5–1 mm, concave below, tubulose above, from a lanceolate base to a long-acuminate subula, apices acute or sometimes ± blunt; margins entire or slightly serrate in the distal 1/3; laminae 1-stratose; costa percurrent to shortly excurrent, 1/10–1/6 the width of the leaves at base, smooth to slightly rough above on abaxial surface, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, 2 well-developed stereid bands extending almost to apex, abaxial epidermal layer of cells differentiated, rarely some cells in adaxial epidermal layer enlarged; cell-walls between lamina cells not or slightly bulging; leaf cells smooth; alar cells 2-stratose, well-differentiated, not extending to costa; proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (16–) 36–62 (–112) × (3–) 7–8 (–20) µm; distal laminal cells short-rectangular to irregularly angled, pitted, (9–) 10–17 (–31) × (3) 7–8 (18) µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous; dwarf males on rhizoids of female plants; interior perichaetial leaves abruptly acuminate, convolute-sheathing. Seta 2.5–3.5 cm, solitary, rarely 2 per perichaetium, yellow to reddish yellow. Capsule 2–3.5 mm, arcuate, inclined, furrowed when dry, light to dark-brown; operculum 1.5–2.8 mm. Spores 14–22 µm.


Phenology: Capsules mature in summer.
Habitat: Fens, wet meadows, willow thickets, or humus or soil on or around rocks at lake margins, occasionally drier habitats, such as beach ridges
Elevation: 10-2300 m

Distribution

V27 587-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, Alta., B.C., Man., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), Nunavut, Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Colo., Mont., Utah, Wyo., Europe, Asia

Discussion

Dicranum spadiceum has been reported from Saskatchewan by G. Bellolio-Trucco and R. R. Ireland (1990), Colorado by W. L. Peterson (1979), Montana by S. Eversman and A. J. Sharp (1980), and Utah by S. Flowers (1973). It is an arctic-alpine species known principally by the 4–9 mm, straight, erect-spreading leaves, scarcely changed when dry, concave below, tubulose above, narrowed from a lanceolate base to a long-acuminate subula ending in an acute to ± blunt apex; the elongate, pitted cells throughout the leaf; and the costa that is smooth to somewhat rough above on the abaxial surface. Dicranum angustum Lindberg, often considered distinct because of its blunt leaf apices, is considered a synonym after examination of its type from Europe (see discussion by Bellolio-Trucco and Ireland).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Dicranum spadiceum"
persistent +  and deciduous +
differentiated +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
5.5mm;8mm +
lanceolate;concave;long-acuminate +
0.5mm +  and 1mm +
Robert R. Ireland Jr. +
J. E. Zetterstedt +
short to long +
differentiated +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
lanceolate +  and concave +
0.5mm +  and 1mm +
microphyllous +
pseudomonoicous +, dioicous +, autoicous +  and sexual +
flagelliform +  and terete +
reproduction +  and asexual +
cucullate +
light +  and dark-brown +
arcuate +  and straight +
cylindric +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
generally orange +  and brown +
specialized +
papillose +  and mammillose +
pseudomonoicous +, dioicous +  and sexual +
inflated +
well-differentiated +
percurrent;shortly excurrent +
1/10 +  and 1/6 +
toothed +
smooth to slightly +
pseudomonoicous +  and sexual +
spreading +, erect-patent +  and erect-appressed +
smooth +  and rugose +
Greenland +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Colo. +, Mont. +, Utah +, Wyo. +, Europe +  and Asia +
reddish-brown +  and pitted-striolate +
10-2300 m +
Fens, wet meadows, willow thickets, or humus or soil on or around rocks at lake margins, occasionally drier habitats, such as beach ridges +
enlarged +
falcate-secund +
papillose +, mammillose +, nonpitted +  and pitted +
straight +
erect-spreading +
blunt +  and acute +
serrate +  and entire +
arcuate +  and straight +
long-rostrate +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.28 cm2.8 mm <br />0.0028 m <br />) +
nonpitted +  and pitted +
toothed +  and forked +
short-acuminate +, concave +  and ovate +
pitted-striolate +
16 +  and single +
papillose +  and striolate +
Capsules mature in summer. +
undifferentiated +
Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. +
reddish-brown +
smooth +  and papillose +
1 +  and 2 +
well-developed +
yellow;reddish yellow +
flexuose +  and straight +
elongate +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
1/3 +  and 1/2 +
spherical +
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
superficial +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
lanceolate +, concave +  and long-acuminate +
0.5mm +  and 1mm +
Dicranum angustum +  and Dicranum laevidens +
Dicranum spadiceum +
Dicranum +
species +
deciduous +
lanceolate +
green +  and yellowish green or brown +