Elymus violaceus

(Hornem.) Feilberg
Common names: Arctic wheatgrass Élyme latiglume
Endemic
Synonyms: Elymus trachycaulus subsp. violaceus Elymus trachycaulus var. latiglume Elymus alaskanus subsp. latiglumis Agropyron violaceum var. latiglume Agropyron violaceum Agropyron latiglume Agropyron caninum var. latiglume
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 324.

Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms 18-75 cm, often decumbent or geniculate; nodes usually glabrous. Sheaths glabrous; auricles about 0.5 mm; ligules 0.5-1 mm, truncate; blades 3-4 mm wide, flat, glabrous or hairy, abaxial surfaces less densely hairy and with shorter hairs than the adaxial surfaces, apices acute. Spikes 5-12 cm long, 0.4-0.7 cm wide excluding the awns, erect, with 1 spikelet per node; internodes 4-5.5 mm, edges ciliate. Spikelets 11-19 mm, appressed, with (3) 4-5 florets; rachillas hairy, hairs about 0.4 mm; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath each floret. Glumes 8-12 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide, about 3/4 as long as to equaling the adjacent lemmas, narrowly ovate to obovate, often purplish, glabrous, sometimes scabrous, flat or equally keeled the full length, keels and other veins usually smooth, sometimes scabrous, 3 (5) -veined, adaxial surfaces glabrous, margins usually unequal, the wider margin 0.3-1 mm wide, usually widest in the distal 1/3, apices acute to rounded, often awned, awns to 2 mm; lemmas glabrous or pubescent, hairs flexible, all similar, apices usually awned, awns 0.5-3 mm, straight; paleas subequal to the lemmas, tapering to the apices, apices about 0.4 mm wide; anthers 0.7-1.3 mm. 2n = 28. Haplomes StH.

Discussion

Elymus violaceus grows in arctic, subalpine, and alpine habitats, on calcareous or dolomitic rocks, from Alaska through arctic Canada to Greenland, and south in the Rocky Mountains to southern New Mexico. In western North America, it forms intermediates with E. scribneri (p. 330), E. trachycaulus (p. 321), and E. alaskanus (p. 326). It is treated here as including E. alaskanus subsp. latiglumis [= Agropyron latiglume], E. alaskanus being restricted to plants with relatively short glumes that are often found in valleys and at lower elevations than E. violaceus. Western plants of E. violaceous tend to be more glaucous, have shorter spikes and spikelets, and more obovate glumes than plants from Greenland but, until more is known about the extent and genetic basis of the variation in and among E. violaceus, E. alaskanus, and E. trachycaulus, formal taxonomic recognition seems inappropriate.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Elymus violaceus"
membranous +  and scarious +
with hairs +  and scabrous +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
acute +  and rounded +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (?) +
Mary E. Barkworth +, Julian J.N. Campbell +  and Bjorn Salomon +
(Hornem.) Feilberg +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
straight +
basal +  and apical +
from the sinus +  and terminal +
not geniculate +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
not evident +
hairy +  and glabrous +
cross +, linear +  and narrowly lanceolate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
spikelike +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
hairy +  and glabrous +
Arctic wheatgrass +  and Élyme latiglume +
not branching +
usually erect +  and ascending +
geniculate +
18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br /> (75 cm750 mm <br />0.75 m <br />) +
not woody +
Idaho +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.C. +, Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Mass. +, Wash. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Ark. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Mo. +, N.Dak. +, Okla. +, S.Dak. +, Ariz. +, D.C +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ky. +, Mich. +, N.Mex. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Wyo. +, Del. +, Miss. +, Ind. +, Oreg. +, Maine +, N.H. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Ala. +, Fla. +, La. +, Md. +, N.S. +, Ohio +, Tex. +, Wis. +, Colo. +, Calif. +, Alaska +, Utah +, Nev. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Greenland +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +  and Minn. +
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
capillary +
pistillate +  and staminate +
4 +  and 5 +
laterally compressed +  and terete +
(0)1-7-veined +
shorter than to longer than the adjacent florets +
full +, 8mm +  and 12mm +
subtending +
keeled +, flat +, narrowly ovate +  and obovate +
unequal +, subequal +  and reduced +
1.2mm +  and 2mm +
uncinate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (?) +
solid +  and hollow +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (?) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
ciliate +  and scabrous +
distributed +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
linear-lanceolate +
stiffly membranous +  and coriaceous +
erose +  and entire +
acute +, rounded +  and truncate +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
lanceolate +
fleshy +  and membranous +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
hairy +  and glabrous +
well-developed +
slightly longer +
tapering +
subequal +
dry +  and fleshy +
spikelike +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (?) +  and 12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (?) +
subsessile +  and sessile +
bisexual +  and sterile +
terete +  and compressed +
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.9 cm19 mm <br />0.019 m <br />) +
1 +  and 3 +
simple +  and compound +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
not papillate +
Elymus trachycaulus subsp. violaceus +, Elymus trachycaulus var. latiglume +, Elymus alaskanus subsp. latiglumis +, Agropyron violaceum var. latiglume +, Agropyron violaceum +, Agropyron latiglume +  and Agropyron caninum var. latiglume +
Elymus violaceus +
species +
membranous +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br />) +
3(5)-veined +
inconspicuous +
unequal +
plant +  and cespitose +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +