Epilobium sect. Cordylophorum

(Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) P. H. Raven

Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 333. 1977.

Basionym: Epilobium [unranked] Cordylophorum Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 1: 488. 1840
Synonyms: Cordylophorum (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Rydberg
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10.

Herbs perennial, suffrutescent or rhizomatous. Stems ± woody at base, epidermis usually peeling proximally. Leaves opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally. Flowers actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic; floral-tube sometimes with bulbous base, without scales inside; petals rose-purple or cream-yellow; pollen in tetrads; stigma 4-lobed. Capsules fusiform to subcylindrical, splitting to base, central column persistent, pedicellate to subsessile. Seeds 1–8+ per locule in 1 row, obovoid to broadly obovoid, prominently constricted near micropylar end, coma present.

Distribution

w United States

Discussion

Species 3 (3 in the flora).

Section Cordylophorum consists of three perennial self-compatible but outcrossing species, each with an unusual and restricted distribution in western North America. All three species, which P. H. Raven (1976) placed in two subsections, share a chromosome number of n = 15 (found also in sects. Zauschneria and Epilobiopsis) and several unusual pollen, seed, and leaf character states. However, as Raven noted, this section can be delimited only by a combination of characteristics, with no unequivocal synapomorphy. S. R. Seavey and Raven (1977c) reported hybrids between E. suffruticosum and E. nevadense (only 24% pollen-fertile), and between E. nevadense and E. nivium (99% fertile). Attempts to cross any of these species to taxa of sect. Zauschneria (n = 15), sect. Xerolobium (n = 12), and sect. Epilobium (n = 18) failed in all cases. D. A. Baum et al. (1994) found only weak support for the monophyly of this section. Pending additional data, the similarities among these species are emphasized and the current classification is here retained.

Selected References

None.

episepalous +
subequal +  and longer +
Peter C. Hoch +
(Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) P. H. Raven +
cylindrical +  and obconic +
Epilobium +
indehiscent +  and loculicidal +
toothed +  and entire +
reduced +
recurved +  and erect +
sessile +  and pedicellate +
curved +  and straight +
fusiform +  and subcylindrical +
pedicellate +  and subsessile +
persistent +
w United States +
basifixed +  and versatile +
zygomorphic +  and actinomorphic +
ascending +  and erect +
sessile +  and pedicellate +
curved +  and straight +
4-angled +, terete +, narrowly cylindrical +  and fusiform or rarely narrowly ellipsoidal +
slender +
rhizomatous +
perennial +
suffrutescent +
alternate +  and opposite +
deciduous +
decurrent +
numerous +  and 1 +
multicellular +
cream-yellow +  and rose-purple +
obovate +  and obcordate +
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. +
inflated +
basal +  and cauline +
clavate +  and globose +
1 +  and 8 +
sculptured +  and smooth +
obovoid +  and broadly obovoid +
constricted +
lanceolate +, , +, flushed with red or flushed with cream +  and green +
deciduous +
parenchymatous +
parietal +, axile +  and placentation +
unequal +
aquatic +, amphibious +  and terrestrial +
2 times as many as sepals +
simple +  and well-branched +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
erect +  and ascending or decumbent +
glabrous +, villous +, glandular-puberulent +  and strigillose +
exfoliating +
subsessile +  and petiolate +
intrapetiolar +
aquatic +, amphibious +  and terrestrial +
papillose +  and finely reticulate +
constricted +
Cordylophorum +
Epilobium sect. Cordylophorum +
Epilobium +
section +
3(-5)-aperturate +