Erysimum capitatum

(Douglas ex Hooker) Greene

Fl. Francisc., 269. 1891.

Basionym: Cheiranthus capitatus Douglas ex Hooker Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 38. 1829,
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 537. Mentioned on page 535, 536, 538, 544.

Biennials or perennials; (short-lived). Trichomes of leaves 2–4 (–7) -rayed. Stems erect, often branched distally, sometimes proximally, (0.5–) 1.2–10 (–12) dm. Basal leaves (often withered by flowering); blade spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate or linear, 2–18 (–27) cm × 3–15 (–30) mm, base attenuate, margins entire or dentate to denticulate, apex acute. Cauline leaves (distal) sessile; blade margins entire or denticulate. Racemes considerably elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate to ascending, stout or slender, narrower than fruit, 4–17 (–25) mm. Flowers: sepals narrowly oblong, 7–14 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually orange to yellow, rarely lavender or purplish, suborbicular to obovate, 12–25 (–30) × (5–) 6–10 (–13) mm, claw 8–16 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 9–18 mm; anthers linear, 3–4 mm. Fruits divaricate or ascending to erect, narrowly linear, straight or curved upward, not torulose, 3.5–11 (–15) cm × 1.3–3.3 mm, 4-angled to latiseptate, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2–5-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules (40–) 54–82 per ovary; style cylindrical, usually stout, rarely slender, 0.2–2.5 (–3) mm, sparsely pubescent; stigma 2-lobed, lobes as long as wide. Seeds oblong, 1.5–4 × 1–2 mm; winged apically or not winged. 2n = 36.

Distribution

V7 849-distribution-map.gif

Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Mo., Mont., N.Mex., Nev., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Wash., Wyo., n Mexico

Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Erysimum capitatum is extremely widespread, ecologically diverse, morphologically highly variable, and nomenclaturally complex. It has been divided into infraspecific taxa; G. B. Rossbach (1958) recognized three varieties, R. A. Price (1987) eight subspecies, R. C. Rollins (1993) five varieties, Price (1993) four subspecies, and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) three varieties. The majority of these taxa were based on highly variable characters with considerable overlap, including width, margin, shape, and apex of basal leaves, fruit orientation, and development of elongated versus short caudices. Furthermore, there is a substantial degree of disagreement among these authors as to the limits of a given infraspecific taxon, its distribution, and synonymies involved. Except for two distinctive species that were previously treated as infraspecific taxa (arenicola, perenne) the vast majority of the remaining variation in E. capitatum is divided herein into two varieties.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Seeds winged (at least distally, rarely wing rudimentary), 2-4 × (0.8-)1-2 mm; fruits latiseptate, rarely 4-angled; petals usually orange, sometimes orange-yellow or yellow; adaxial surfaces of basal and proximalmost cauline leaf blades with mostly 3(-7)-rayed trichomes. Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum
1 Seeds not winged, 1.5-2(-2.4) × 0.7-1.2 mm; fruits 4-angled, rarely latiseptate; petals yellow, rarely lavender or purplish; adaxial surfaces of basal and proximalmost cauline leaf blades with mostly 2- or 3-rayed trichomes. Erysimum capitatum var. purshii

"wide" is not a number."elongated" is not a number."narrower" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Erysimum capitatum"
linear +  and oblong +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
rounded +  and acute +
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz +
(Douglas ex Hooker) Greene +
not +  and rosulate +
attenuate +
Cheiranthus capitatus +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br /> (27 cm270 mm <br />0.27 m <br />) +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
not auriculate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
denticulate +  and entire +
spatulate;narrowly oblanceolate or linear +
much smaller +  and reduced +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
well-developed +
distinct +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
differentiated +
emarginate +  and entire +
Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Mo. +, Mont. +, N.Mex. +, Nev. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Wyo. +  and n Mexico +
straight +  and curved +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
connate +  and distinct +
tetradynamous +
ascending to erect +  and divaricate +
11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
not striped +
curved +, straight +  and linear +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br />) +
4-angled +  and not torulose +
slender +  and stout +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br />) +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.33 cm3.3 mm <br />0.0033 m <br />) +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
angustiseptate +, terete +  and 4-angled +
sessile +  and petiolate +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
cauline +  and basal +
connate +  and distinct +
decurrent +
dentate to denticulate +  and entire +
repand;dentate-sinuate;repand;dentate-sinuate;denticulate;dentate +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
usually orange +  and yellow rarely lavender or purplish +
12mm;25mm +
rudimentary +
suborbicular +  and obovate +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
Fl. Francisc., +
spreading +, horizontal +, reflexed +, ascending +  and erect +
stout +  and slender +
mucilaginous +
uniseriate +  and biseriate +
not +  and mucilaginous +
white +, black +, brown +  and yellow +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
persistent +  and caducous +
distinct +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
reduced +
latiseptate +, schizocarpic +, samaroid +  and lomentaceous +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
angustiseptate +, flat +, angled +, terete +, torulose +, not +, segmented +  and nutletlike +
tetradynamous +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
persistent +
distinct +
cylindrical +
slender +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
Cheiranthus +, Cheirinia +, Cuspidaria +  and Syrenia +
Erysimum capitatum +
Erysimum +
species +
scale-like +  and forked +
coiled +, 1-7-veined +  and veined +
anastomosing +
perennial +  and biennial +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +