Erythranthe verbenacea

(Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga

Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. 2012.

Common names: Crimson monkeyflower
Basionym: Mimulus verbenaceus Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 2. 1909
Synonyms: M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus (Greene) Kearney & Peebles M. lugens Greene
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 394. Mentioned on page 378, 395.

Perennials, rhizomatous. Stems erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. Leaves cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26 (–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. Flowers herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. Fruiting pedicels 45–90 (–150) mm. Fruiting calyces campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. Corollas crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. Styles glabrous. Anthers exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. Capsules included, 15–22 mm. 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat: Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges.
Elevation: 300–2600 m.

Distribution

Ariz., Utah, Mexico (Baja California), Mexico (Chihuahua), Mexico (Durango), Mexico (Sinaloa), Mexico (Sonora)

Discussion

R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry.

Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens.

In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area.

Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Erythranthe verbenacea"
white-villous +
loculicidal +
linear-triangular +, acute +  and obtuse +
Guy L. Nesom +  and Naomi S. Fraga +
(Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga +
rosulate +  and subrosulate +
not persistent +
subclasping +
subcordate +
Mimulus verbenaceus +
2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (7.5 cm75 mm <br />0.075 m <br />) +
elliptic;obovate rhombic-ovate or broadly spatulate +
not leathery +  and semifleshy +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
compressed +, inflated +  and tubular +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
Crimson monkeyflower +
regular +  and bilabiate +
yellow-tinged;crimson +
compressed +
Ariz. +, Utah +, Mexico (Baja California) +, Mexico (Chihuahua) +, Mexico (Durango) +, Mexico (Sinaloa) +  and Mexico (Sonora) +
300–2600 m. +
hairy +  and glabrous +
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
nodding;spreading;nodding;spreading;erect +
4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
reduced +
Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. +
alternate +, opposite +, rosulate +  and subrosulate +
persistent +  and deciduous +
emarginate +  and truncate +
3 (?) +  and Not 5 (?) +
triangular;ovate-triangular +
reduced +  and longer +
subentire +  and toothed +
basal +  and superior +
tenuinucellate +  and unitegmic +
orthotropous +  and anatropous +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +
Flowering Jun–Sep. +
Phytoneuron +
flattened +  and ellipsoid +
3 +  and 5 +
proximal +  and middle +
erect;decumbent +
glandular-villous +
4-angled +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
glandular-villous +
M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus +  and M. lugens +
Erythranthe verbenacea +
Erythranthe +
species +
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
sparsely glandular-villosulous +  and stipitate-glandular +
inflated +  and campanulate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.8 cm28 mm <br />0.028 m <br />) +
perennial +  and annual +
herb +  and subshrub +
terrestrial +  and aquatic +
semiaquatic +  and terrestrial +
9 +, 8 +  and 7 +