Euphorbia polyphylla

Engelmann ex Chapman

Fl. South. U.S. ed. 2, repr. 2, 694. 1892.

Common names: Lesser Florida spurge
Endemic
Synonyms: Tithymalopsis polyphylla (Engelmann ex Chapman) Small
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 250. Mentioned on page 242.

Herbs, perennial, with spreading rootstock. Stems erect or ascending, branched, solitary, few, or occasionally densely clumped, previous years dead stems not persistent, 18–33 cm, glabrous. Leaves alternate; stipules to 0.1 mm; petiole minute or absent; blade linear to filiform, 10–20 × 0.8–1.5 (–4) mm, base cuneate, margins entire, often involute, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous; venation usually obscure, midvein visible at base of wider leaves. Cyathia in terminal dichasia or pleiochasia; peduncle 2–6 mm (to 20 mm for central cyathium), glabrous. Involucre campanulate, 1.2–2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous or strigose on distal extreme; glands 5, red, elliptic, 0.5 × 1 mm; appendages white, orbiculate, 0.5–0.8 × 1.3–1.5 mm, erose. Staminate flowers 20–25. Pistillate flowers: ovary glabrous; styles 0.6–1 mm, 2-fid at apex. Capsules globose, 2.3–2.8 × 4.3–5.1 mm, glabrous; columella 2.5–3.2 mm. Seeds ashy gray, ovoid, 2.9 × 2 mm, with obscure shallow depressions; caruncle absent.


Phenology: Flowering and fruiting late spring–late fall.
Habitat: Open sand and pine savannas.
Elevation: 0–10 m.

Discussion

Euphorbia polyphylla is endemic to sandy habitats in the southern half of peninsular Florida. The species has been reported from coastal Louisiana, but whether those plants represent native occurrences or plantings is unclear (R. D. Thomas and C. M. Allen 1993–1998, vol. 2). The Florida populations are here recognized as the only native occurrences.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"connate" is not a number. "distinct" is not a number."connate" is not a number. "distinct" is not a number.

... more about "Euphorbia polyphylla"
rounded +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
orbiculate +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
Jess A. Peirson +, Victor W. Steinmann +  and Jeffery J. Morawetz +
Engelmann ex Chapman +
cuneate +
Alectoroctonum +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
linear;filiform +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
whorled +  and not opposite +
cymose +, few-branched +  and unbranched +
additional +
0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br /> (0.28 cm2.8 mm <br />0.0028 m <br />) +
0.43 cm4.3 mm <br />0.0043 m <br /> (0.51 cm5.1 mm <br />0.0051 m <br />) +
exfoliating +
ceraceous +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
Lesser Florida spurge +
0–10 m. +
pistillate +  and staminate +
subtending +
convex +, flat +  and concave +
Open sand and pine savannas. +
pleiochasial +  and dichasial +
axillary +  and terminal +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
strigose +  and glabrous +
campanulate +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
caducous +, deciduous +  and persistent +
bractlike +
palmate +  and pinnate +
crenulate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
connate;distinct +
hairy +  and glabrous +
Flowering and fruiting late spring–late fall. +
opposite +  and whorled +
with white margins +  and green +
Fl. South. U.S. ed. +
2.9 cm29 mm <br />0.029 m <br /> (?) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +
free +, connate +  and distinct +
not persistent +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
ascending +  and erect +
18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br /> (33 cm330 mm <br />0.33 m <br />) +
deciduous +  and persistent +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (?) +
Tithymalopsis polyphylla +
Euphorbia polyphylla +
Euphorbia sect. Alectoroctonum +
species +
in terminal monochasia +  and solitary +
10 +, 9 +, 8 +, 7 +  and 6 +