Flaveria bidentis

(Linnaeus) Kuntze

Revis. Gen. Pl. 3([3]): 148. 1898.

Common names: Coastal plain yellowtops
Introduced
Basionym: Ethulia bidentis Linnaeus Mant. Pl. 1: 110. 1767
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 249. Mentioned on page 247, 248, 250.

Annuals, to 100 cm (delicate or robust, sparsely villous). Stems erect. Leaves petiolate (proximal, petioles 3–15 mm) or sessile (distal); blades lanceolate-elliptic, 50–120 (–180) × 10–25 (–70) mm, bases (distal) connate, margins serrate or spinulose serrate. Heads 20–100+ in tight subglomerules in scorpioid, cymiform arrays. Calyculi of 1–2 linear bractlets 1–2 mm. Involucres oblong-angular, 5 mm. Phyllaries 3 (–4), oblong. Ray-florets 0 or 1; laminae pale-yellow, ovate-oblique, to 1 mm (not or barely surpassing phyllaries). Disc-florets (2–) 3–8; corolla-tubes ca. 0.8 mm, throats funnelform, 0.8 mm. Cypselae oblanceolate or subclavate, 2–2.5 mm (those of ray-florets longer); pappi 0.2n = 36.


Phenology: Flowering year round.
Habitat: Moist places, waste or disturbed ground, clay, gravel, or sand
Elevation: 0–10 m

Distribution

V21-617-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Ala., Fla., Ga., Mass., West Indies, Central America, South America, also in Europe (Great Britain) and Africa (Egypt and south)

Discussion

In the United States, Flaveria bidentis often occurs on ballast and waste ground near wharfs and the shore, locations that suggest its introduction from sailing vessels. The species is widespread and well established in South America, where it is thought to be native. Its floral structure appears to be the least advanced among the annual species of Flaveria, the heads being in somewhat scorpioid arrays. Distinguishing characteristics are 3(–4) phyllaries, 2–8 florets per head, reduced ray corollas, pubescent stems, and lanceolate-elliptic, bluish green, sometimes pubescent leaves. Flaveria bidentis is probably most closely related to F. campestris and F. trinervia.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Flaveria bidentis"
not tailed +, rounded +  and obtuse +
connate +  and distinct +
subequal +
scarious +
usually ovate +  and lanceolate +
usually deltate +  and lanceolate +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
scorpioid +
Sharon C. Yarborough +  and A. Michael Powell +
(Linnaeus) Kuntze +
connate +
decurrent +
Ethulia bidentis +
compound +  and simple +
lanceolate-elliptic +
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
oblong-ovate;lanceolate or linear +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
winged;ribbed;winged;ribbed +
tuberculate +  and rugose +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
barbellulate +  and barbellate +
Coastal plain yellowtops +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (?) +
yellow +  and whitish +
hairy +  and glabrous +
subclavate +  and oblanceolate +
fertile +  and bisexual +
fertile +  and bisexual +
Ala. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Mass. +, West Indies +, Central America +, South America +  and also in Europe (Great Britain) and Africa (Egypt and south) +
0–10 m +
short-pubescent +  and glabrous +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
Moist places, waste or disturbed ground, clay, gravel, or sand +
discoid +  and radiate +
indeterminate +
homogamous +  and heterogamous +
each +  and sessile +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
turbinate;cylindric;turbinate;cylindric;urceolate;oblong +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (?) +
pale-yellow +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
sessile +  and petiolate +
deltate +
serrate +  and spinulose +
toothed +  and entire +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
coroniform +
Flowering year round. +
Revis. Gen. Pl. +
bearing subulate enations +, hairy +  and bristly +
2 +  and 4 +
exalbuminous +
Introduced +
appendaged +  and truncate +
hirsutulous +  and glabrous +
papillate +
Compositae +
Flaveria bidentis +
Flaveria +
species +
campanulate +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (?) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +