Frangula caroliniana

(Walter) A. Gray

Gen. Amer. Bor. 2: 178. 1849.

Common names: Carolina buckthorn Indian cherry
Endemic
Basionym: Rhamnus caroliniana Walter Fl. Carol., 101. 1788
Synonyms: R. caroliniana var. mollis Fernald
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 58. Mentioned on page 53.

Shrubs or small trees, 2–6 (–10) m. Stems gray, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves deciduous; petiole 8–20 mm; blade dull green abaxially, glossy dark green adaxially, oblong to elliptic or obovate-elliptic, (3–) 5–13 cm, herbaceous, base cuneate to rounded, margins serrulate or crenulate to nearly entire, apex acute to acuminate or obtuse, abaxial surface puberulent on veins, adaxial surface glabrous; secondary-veins 6–9 (–10) pairs. Inflorescences umbels, pedunculate, 1–14-flowered. Pedicels 3–6 mm. Stigmas 3-lobed. Drupes black, globose, 8–10 mm; stones 3.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat: Dry to moist barrens, sandy and gravelly flats, roadsides, ravines, bluffs, limestone bluffs, shell middens, bottomlands, swamp and pond edges, coastal hammocks, deciduous and coniferous forests.
Elevation: 50–500 m.

Distribution

V12 442-distribution-map.jpg

Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.C., Ohio, Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.

Discussion

Rhamnus caroliniana var. mollis (type from Illinois, with leaves persistently soft-pubescent abaxially) has sometimes been recognized as a western/Ozarkian entity (for example, H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991), but intermediates and intergrades with the typical form (with leaves glabrescent abaxially) are as numerous as the extremes.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Frangula caroliniana"
perigynous +  and epigynous +
acute +  and acuminate or obtuse +
John O. Sawyer† +  and Guy L. Nesom +
(Walter) A. Gray +
cuneate +  and rounded +
Rhamnus caroliniana +
protruding +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
dark green +  and green +
3[-5]-veined +  and pinnate +
spinulose +, spinose +, serrate +  and entire +
denticulate +, dentate +, crenulate +, crenate +  and serrulate +
glossy +  and dull +
oblong;elliptic or obovate-elliptic +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br />) +
Carolina buckthorn +  and Indian cherry +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +  and Va. +
globose +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
50–500 m. +
Dry to moist barrens, sandy and gravelly flats, roadsides, ravines, bluffs, limestone bluffs, shell middens, bottomlands, swamp and pond edges, coastal hammocks, deciduous and coniferous forests. +
circumscissile +
free +  and adnate +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
1-14-flowered +  and pedunculate +
deciduous +
crenulate;nearly entire +
intrastaminal +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
not fleshy +
perigynous +  and epigynous +
adnate +  and distinct +
clawed +, broadly obovate +  and obcordate +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Jun. +
2-4-carpellate +
Gen. Amer. Bor. +
not furrowed +
obovoid +  and lenticular +
yellowish +  and green or white +
distinct +
spreading +  and erect +
keeled;ovate-triangular +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
indehiscent +
R. caroliniana var. mollis +
Frangula caroliniana +
Frangula +
species +
600 cm6,000 mm <br />6 m <br /> (1,000 cm10,000 mm <br />10 m <br />) +
deciduous +  and evergreen +
tree +  and shrub +
polygamous +, dioecious +  and synoecious +