Furcraea

Ventenat

Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1: 65. 1793.

Common names: Mauritius hemp pita cabuya cahum
Etymology: for Antoine François de Fourcroy, 1755–1809, French chemist who helped establish the system of chemical nomenclature
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 461. Mentioned on page 413, 414.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA26 Plate 074.jpegFurcraea foetida
Manfreda virginica
Croomia pauciflora
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn

Plants massive multiannuals, scapose; trunks usually absent, to 6 m when present. Stems aboveground. Leaves up to 50, broad or narrowly lanceolate, to 3.3 m, rigid or flexible, very fibrous, margins with small or large corneous teeth, mature apex a firm, blunt point. Inflorescences paniculate, to 13 m, frequently producing bulblets. Flowers in clusters of 2–5, drooping; tepals spreading, distinct except at base, greenish or white, ovate to oblong, longer than stamens and styles; filaments abruptly expanded below middle; ovary inferior; style dilated and 3-lobed proximal to middle; stigma 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, globose to cylindrical, to 8 cm, infrequently produced. Seeds many, black, flat, 2 rows per locule. x = 30.

Distribution

Introduced; Mexico, Central America, West Indies, South America

Discussion

Species ca. 22 (2 in the flora).

A number of Furcraea species are cultivated in warm climates worldwide as ornamentals and for cordage from leaf fibers. Reproduction by bulblets from the inflorescence is common.

Furcraea was divided by J. R. Drummond (1907) into three variable groups based on leaf margins. Plants of two of these groups are reported to persist or reproduce locally in southern Florida. Specimens are scarce. Within Furcraea there is a large synonymy, including names that are difficult to apply with certainty because they are based on incomplete specimens or European cultivated material.

R. W. Long and O. Lakela (1971) mentioned Furcraea macrophylla Baker as an ornamental that possibly persists in old sites, but I have seen no herbarium specimens that document its presence in Florida. That species is marked by larger leaves with larger, horny, hooked teeth.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Leaves smooth or striate, margins usually entire at least in distal half. Furcraea foetida
1 Leaves roughened by small points, margins with hard, curved teeth. Furcraea selloa

"thick" is not a number. "thin" is not a number."broad" is not a number.

... more about "Furcraea"
longitudinal +
glandular-pubescent +  and glandular +
Susan Verhoek +
Ventenat +
elliptic +, ovate +, oblanceolate +, lanceolate +  and linear +
fibrous +, succulent +  and rigid +
reflexed +, erect +  and ascending +
scale-like +
Mauritius hemp +, pita +, cabuya +  and cahum +
Mexico +, Central America +, West Indies +  and South America +
for Antoine François de Fourcroy, 1755–1809, French chemist who helped establish the system of chemical nomenclature +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
broadened +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
indehiscent +
globose +  and cylindrical +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
fleshy +  and dry +
bracteate +  and umbellate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +  and 1,300 cm13,000 mm <br />13 m <br /> (?) +
pseudopetiolate +, sessile +  and simple +
long-lived +  and annual +
lanceolate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (330 cm3,300 mm <br />3.3 m <br />) +
fibrous +  and rigid +
dentate +, serrulate +  and entire +
denticulate +
cylindrical +, ovoid +  and 3-angled +
not +  and articulate +
semisucculent +
Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris +
globose +, obovoid +, ovoid +, hemispheric +, 3-angled +  and flattened +
exserted +  and included +
aboveground +
3 +  and 1 +
proximal +  and middle +
dilated +
Furcraea +
Agavaceae +
white;greenish +
distinct +
ovate +  and oblong +
large +  and small +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (600 cm6,000 mm <br />6 m <br />) +
polygamodioecious +, dioecious +, monoecious +, polycarpic +  and monocarpic +
small;gigantic +
petal-like +