Hirschfeldia incana

(Linnaeus) Lagrèze-Fossat

Fl. Tarn Garonne, 19. 1847.

Common names: Mediterranean mustard summer- or hoary-mustard
WeedyIntroducedIllustrated
Basionym: Sinapis incana Linnaeus Cent. Pl. I, 19. 1755
Synonyms: Brassica adpressa (Moench) Boissier Brassica geniculata (Desfontaines) Ball Hirschfeldia adpressa Moench Sinapis geniculata Desfontaines
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 437.

Stems (2–) 4–15 (–20) dm, densely pubescent proximally, trichomes retrorse. Basal leaves: petiole 1–4 (–10) cm; blade (3–) 4–22 (–35) cm × 15–60 (–80) mm, lobes 1–6 (–9) each side, ovate or lanceolate, (smaller than terminal), terminal lobe broadly ovate, surfaces densely pubescent. Cauline leaves (distal) ± sessile; blade oblong to lanceolate, similar to basal, (smaller distally). Fruiting pedicels (appressed to rachis, almost as thick as fruit), 2–4 (–5) mm. Flowers: sepals 3–5 × 1.2–2 mm; petals 5–10 × 2.5–4.5 mm; filaments 3–5 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm. Fruits 0.7–1.5 (–1.7) cm × 1–1.7 mm; valves 6–10 mm; terminal segment 3–6 mm. Seeds 0.9–1.5 mm diam. 2n = 14.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Nov.
Habitat: Roadsides, waste places, disturbed areas, canyons, creek bottoms, dry fields, open desert
Elevation: 100-1600 m

Distribution

V7 658-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Calif., Nev., Oreg., Eurasia, nw Africa, also in South America, s Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia

Discussion

Hirschfeldia incana was first collected in North America in 1895 in the San Bernardino region, and by 1936 it was described as “already a serious agricultural pest, spreading freely over dry, unbroken ground and flourishing chiefly during the arid summer season” (W. L. Jepson 1909–1943, vol. 2).

Hirschfeldia incana can be confused with Brassica nigra because both have fruits appressed to the rachis. The former is distinguished from the latter by its distinctly shorter fruit, seeded and often swollen beak, and smaller petals.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Hirschfeldia incana"
ovate +  and oblong +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
Suzanne I. Warwick +
(Linnaeus) Lagrèze-Fossat +
Sinapis incana +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
22 cm220 mm <br />0.22 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
not +  and auriculate +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (22 cm220 mm <br />0.22 m <br />) +
dissected +, repand +, sinuate +, crenate +  and dentate +
oblong;lanceolate +
much smaller +  and reduced +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
well-developed +
distinct +
differentiated +
Mediterranean mustard +  and summer- or hoary-mustard +
emarginate +  and entire +
incumbent +, accumbent +  and conduplicate +
Calif. +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, Eurasia +, nw Africa +, also in South America +, s Africa +, Atlantic Islands +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +  and Australia +
100-1600 m +
straight +  and curved +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
connate +  and distinct +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
actinomorphic +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br />) +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
terete +  and segmented +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
Roadsides, waste places, disturbed areas, canyons, creek bottoms, dry fields, open desert +
subsessile +  and petiolate +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
cauline +  and basal +
connate +  and distinct +
lanceolate +  and ovate +
pinnatifid;dentate +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
5mm;10mm +
rudimentary +
obovate +  and spatulate +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Nov. +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
Fl. Tarn Garonne, +
mucilaginous +
aseriate +, uniseriate +  and biseriate +
not +  and mucilaginous +
white +, black +, brown +  and yellow +
0.9mm;1.5mm +
globose +
4-angled +, terete +, torulose +  and linear +
persistent +  and caducous +
distinct +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
reflexed +  and spreading +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
reduced +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
terete +  and segmented +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
terete +  and segmented +
Weedy +, Introduced +  and Illustrated +
tetradynamous +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
entire +  and capitate +
2-lobed +  and entire +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
persistent +
distinct +
Brassica adpressa +, Brassica geniculata +, Hirschfeldia adpressa +  and Sinapis geniculata +
Hirschfeldia incana +
Hirschfeldia +
species +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
scale-like +  and forked +
3(-7)-veined +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
anastomosing +
biennial +  and annual +
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
glabrous +  and pubescent +