Hydrilla verticillata

(Linnaeus f.) Royle

Illustrations of the Botany... of the Himalayan Mountains... 1: 376. 1839.

WeedyIntroducedIllustrated
Basionym: Serpicula verticillata Linnaeus f. Suppl. Pl., 416. 1782
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22.

Rhizomes and erect stems with turions; subterranean turions cream-brown, appearing as tubers, surface smooth; turions from erect stems olive-green, covered with short, stiff scales. Leaves 8–15 (–20) × 1.2–4 mm, margins serrulate. Inflorescences: spathe of 2 connate bracts. Flowers 1 per spathe; staminate pedicels 0.5 mm; pistillate flowers with floral-tube 10–50 mm; ovary 1-locular. 2n = 32.


Phenology: Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat: Lakes, streams, rivers, bayous
Elevation: 0–200 m

Distribution

V22 128-distribution-map.jpg

Introduced; Ala., Calif., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Md., Miss., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America (Venezuela), Eurasia, Africa, Australia

Discussion

Hydrilla verticillata apparently entered the United States in 1959 at Miami, Florida (D. F.F. Austin 1978). It was introduced as an aquarium plant, star-vine or oxygen plant (D. P. Tarver et al. 1978). By 1960 the species was reported as naturalized in Florida (G. E. Allen 1976).

Hydrilla verticillata is widely distributed in the Eastern Hemisphere but it is uncertain as to where it is truly native. It grows in a variety of aquatic habitats ranging from acidic to basic, oligotrophic to eutrophic, fresh to brackish, and from a few centimeters to a meter or more if light penetrates that deeply. Growth and spread often are rapid. Stem fragments become rooted by fine, unbranched adventitious roots and soon produce vegetative reproductive structures from both subterranean and erect stems. Tubers produced on subterranean stems are pale brown; those produced on erect stems are dark olive-green and covered with short, stiff scales. Both types germinate quickly to produce new stems.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Hydrilla verticillata"
Robert R. Haynes +
(Linnaeus f.) Royle +
abbreviated +
tapering +
Serpicula verticillata +
Ala. +, Calif. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, South America (Venezuela) +, Eurasia +, Africa +  and Australia +
0–200 m +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
with simple spiny processes +  and smooth +
indehiscent +
cylindric +
Lakes, streams, rivers, bayous +
orangebrown +
sessile +  and subsessile +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
submersed +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
2-6[-16]-carpellate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (?) +
3-parted +  and 6-parted +
differentiated +
whitish;reddish +
Flowering summer–fall. +
submersed +
Illustrations of the Botany... of the Himalayan Mountains... +
zygomorphic +  and actinomorphic +
cylindric +
Weedy +, Introduced +  and Illustrated +
connate +  and distinct +
(0-)2-many +
unbranched +, branched +  and rooted +
olive-green +
elongate +
not 2-fid +
Hydrilla verticillata +
Hydrilla +
species +
cream-brown +
subterranean +
without evident stem +  and caulescent +
water +, marine +  and brackish +
pubescent +  and glabrous +