Listera smallii

Wiegand

Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 169. 1899.

Common names: Appalachian twayblade kidney-leaf twayblade
Endemic
Basionym: Listera reniformis Small Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 334. 1897,
Synonyms: Bifolium smallii (Wiegand) Nieuwland Neottia smallii (Wiegand) Szlachetko Ophrys smallii (Wiegand) House
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 591. Mentioned on page 587.

Plants 5–35 cm. Stems slender, succulent, glabrous. Leaves: blade dark green, ovate-reniform, 2–4 × 1.5–3.5 cm, apex acute, mucronate, or apiculate to short-acuminate. Inflorescences 5–15-flowered, lax, 40–100 mm; floral bracts ovate, 3–4 × 1.5 mm, apex acute; peduncle and rachis glandular-pubescent. Flowers green, purple-brown, to pinkish tan; pedicel slender, 6–7 mm, glabrous; sepals strongly reflexed; dorsal sepal lanceolate to linearlanceolate, 3–4 × 1 mm, apex acute; lateral sepals lanceolate to linearlanceolate, 3–4 × 1 mm, apex acute; petals slightly reflexed, linear to linearlanceolate, margins slightly revolute, apex acute; lip sessile, broadly obovate to cuneate, 6–10 × 5–7 mm, base with rounded lobule on each side, apex dilated and deeply cleft into pair of ± divergent broadly rounded lobes, shallowly toothed in sinus; column slightly arcuate, short, 1.5–3 × 1–2 mm. Capsules semierect, ellipsoid, 5 × 3 mm. 2n = 38.


Phenology: Flowering Jun–Jul.
Habitat: Damp humus in shady forests of Appalachian Mountains, often beneath Rhododendron in acidic soil, also in sphagnous thickets and bogs
Elevation: 600–1300 m

Distribution

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Ga., Ky., Md., N.J., N.C., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va.

Discussion

Listera nipponica Makino, a species similar to L. smallii, occurs in the mountains of Japan.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Listera smallii"
self-pollination +
toothed +, dilated +, acute +, apiculate +  and short-acuminate +
not +  and expanded +
Lawrence K. Magrath +  and Ronald A. Coleman +
Wiegand +
Listera reniformis +
indehiscent +
not +  and articulate +
conduplicate +  and plicate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> - 4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> +
ovate-reniform +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> - 3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> - ? +
ellipsoid +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> - ? +
1.5mm +  and 3mm +
1mm +  and 2mm +
Appalachian twayblade +  and kidney-leaf twayblade +
Ga. +, Ky. +, Md. +, N.J. +, N.C. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Va. +  and W.Va. +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - ? +
600–1300 m +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> +
3-merous +, sessile +  and pedicellate +
purple-brown +  and pinkish tan +
horizontal +  and semierect +
glabrate;glandular-pubescent +
subglobose;ovoid;subglobose;ovoid;ellipsoid +
Damp humus in shady forests of Appalachian Mountains, often beneath Rhododendron in acidic soil, also in sphagnous thickets and bogs +
lateral +  and terminal +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> - 10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> +
subopposite +  and opposite +
cauline +  and basal +
reduced +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> - 1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> +
not +  and deflexed +
broadly obovate +  and cuneate +
larger +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> - 0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> +
rounded +
differing in form and color +
1-many-flowered +  and cymose +
pendent +  and erect +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> - 0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> +
glandular-pubescent +
falcate;linear-oblong;lanceolate or elliptic +
Flowering Jun–Jul. +
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club +
2-100-flowered +
glandular-pubescent +
aerial +  and subterranean +
slender +
minute +
free +, distinct +, adnate +  and connate +
foliaceous +
not +  and alike +
branched +, or +  and simple +
pendent +  and erect +
proliferous +
slender +
succulent +
concave +  and convex +
Bifolium smallii +, Neottia smallii +  and Ophrys smallii +
Listera smallii +
species +
aquatic +, lithophytic +, terrestrial +  and epiphytic +
saprophytic +, photosynthetic +  and mycotrophic +