Macranthera flammea

(W. Bartram) Pennell

Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 124. 1913.

IllustratedEndemic
Basionym: Gerardia flammea W. Bartram Travels Carolina, 412. 1791
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 562. Mentioned on page 561.

Perennials or biennials monocarpic, blackening upon drying. Stems virgately branched distally, 4-angled, 8–35 dm. Leaves: petiole winged, to 2 cm; blade lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 8–15 x 2–6 cm, smaller distally, surfaces glabrate. Racemes 8–36 cm. Pedicels deflexed-spreading proximally, strongly upcurved distally. Flowers: calyx-tube 2–4 mm, retrorsely puberulent, lobes 7.5–15 mm, longer than tube; corolla 20–25 mm, exterior densely glandular-mealy, lobes 3–4.5 mm, shorter than tube, abaxial lobes reflexed-spreading, adaxial erect; stamens long-exserted, filaments orange, 15–46 mm; style long-exserted, 28–36 mm, glabrous. Capsules brown, ovoid, 9.5–13 mm, densely puberulent. Seeds 2.5–3 mm, wings 2–5.2n = 26.


Phenology: Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat: Periodically burned streamheads and ecotones, baygall ecotones, seepage slopes, margins of shrub-tree bogs, cypress-gum depressions.
Elevation: 0–100 m.

Distribution

Ala., Fla., Ga., La., Miss.

Discussion

Macranthera flammea is one of the more striking plants in the flora area due to its remarkable height (for an herb) and numerous, brilliant orange flowers; it is best able to compete with associated shrubs and trees by flowering prolifically following fire and attracting hummingbirds. There is precise coincidence in the flowering of this species and the arrival of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) prior to their trans-Gulf migration to Central America (A. L. Pickens 1927).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Macranthera flammea"
reflexed-spreading +
Bruce A. Sorrie +
(W. Bartram) Pennell +
Gerardia flammea +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
lanceolate;narrowly ovate +
smaller +
not leathery +  and not fleshy +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
campanulate +  and short-tubular +
0.95 cm9.5 mm <br />0.0095 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
bright orange +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Ala. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, La. +  and Miss. +
0–100 m. +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (4.6 cm46 mm <br />0.046 m <br />) +
2 +  and 1 +
indehiscent +, septicidal +, loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
Periodically burned streamheads and ecotones, baygall ecotones, seepage slopes, margins of shrub-tree bogs, cypress-gum depressions. +
axillary +  and terminal +
deciduous +
cauline +  and basal +
toothed +  and pinnatifid +
tenuinucellate +  and unitegmic +
campylotropous-like +
upcurved +  and deflexed-spreading +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Flowering Aug–Oct. +
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (36 cm360 mm <br />0.36 m <br />) +
brown;blackish +
triangular +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
long-exserted +
subequal +
aerial +  and subterranean +
puberulent +
4-angled +
not fleshy +
linear-clavate +
long-exserted +
2.8 cm28 mm <br />0.028 m <br /> (3.6 cm36 mm <br />0.036 m <br />) +
Macranthera flammea +
Macranthera +
species +
biennial +  and perennial +
biennial +  and perennial +