Magnolia macrophylla

Michaux

Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 327. 1803.

Common names: Bigleaf magnolia
EndemicIllustrated
Synonyms: Magnolia michauxiana de Candolle
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Trees, deciduous, single-trunked, to 15 (-32) m. Bark yellowish to gray, smooth. Pith homogeneous. Twigs and foliar buds silky-pubescent. Leaves crowded in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules (9-) 11-17 × 3-6.5 cm, abaxially pilose, glandular. Leaf-blade broadly elliptic to obovate-oblong, 50-110 × 15-30 cm, base truncate to deeply cordate or auriculate, apex acute to short-acuminate or obtuse; surfaces abaxially chalky white, sometimes pale green to glaucous, pilose, adaxially deep green, glabrous. Flowers solitary, fragrant, 35-40 (-50) cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, outer bract abaxially rusty gray, inner bract thinner, glabrous; tepals creamy white, glandular, innermost whorl purple-blotched at base, outermost segments strongly reflexed, greenish; stamens (300-) 350-580, 12.5-24.5 mm; filaments white; pistils 50-80. Follicetums globose-ovoid, 5-8 × 5-7 cm; follicles short-beaked, distally appressed silky-pubescent. Seeds ± ovoid, 10-12 mm, pointed, aril orange-red. 2n=38.


Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Alluvial woods and sheltered valleys, piedmont
Elevation: 150-300 m

Distribution

V3 186-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Ark., Ga., Ky., La., Miss., N.C., Ohio, Tenn., Va.

Discussion

The disposition of Magnolia macrophylla and its close relative M. ashei has been perplexing since M. ashei was described. Some investigators have treated them as geographic varieties or subspecies, and this has some questionable merit. In the foliar state M. macrophylla is hardly, if at all, distinguishable from M. ashei, but in other morphologic details of flower and fruit, they are readily distinguished. They also differ in the floral odors, which are distinct and chemically different (L.B. Thien et al. 197). Magnolia macrophylla and M. ashei are allopatric. Magnolia macrophylla is a much larger, usually single-trunked tree of the piedmont with a wider distribution, larger leaves, more stamens, larger stipules, and both filiform and flagelliform trichomes on the leaves. The follicetum is nearly globose-ovoid, with more pistils and larger seeds. Magnolia macrophylla produces the largest leaves and flowers of any species of the genus.

In Arkansas Magnolia macrophylla was known from a single disjunct locality in Clay County, where only two trees were recorded in 1981 (R.B. Figlar 1981). A survey in 1995 failed to locate the species in the same site.

This handsome tree is occasionally cultivated. A close relative, M. dealbata Zuccarini, occurs in Mexico.

The largest known tree of Magnolia macrophylla, 32m in height with a trunk diameter of 53 cm, is recorded from Daniel Boone National Forest, Tight Hollow, Kentucky (American Forestry Association 1994).

The Cherokee tribe used Magnolia macrophylla, mainly the bark, as an analgesic, antidiarrheal, gastrointestinal aid, respiratory aid, and toothache remedy (D.E. Moerman 1986).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"lengthofanthers" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Magnolia macrophylla"
latrorse +  and introrse +
acute +  and short-acuminate or obtuse +
orange-red +
Frederick G. Meyer +
Michaux +
yellowish +  and gray +
truncate +  and deeply cordate or auriculate +
Bigleaf magnolia +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Ga. +, Ky. +, La. +, Miss. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Tenn. +  and Va. +
150-300 m +
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
fragrant +
35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
silky-pubescent +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
globose-ovoid +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
coalescent +
silky-pubescent +
Alluvial woods and sheltered valleys, piedmont +
50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br /> (110 cm1,100 mm <br />1.1 m <br />) +
broadly elliptic +  and obovate-oblong +
petiolate +  and simple +
Flowering spring. +
sessile +  and stalked +
concrescent +  and free +
diaphragmed +
homogeneous +
Fl. Bor.-Amer. +
indehiscent +
persistent +
annular +
pointed;ovoid +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Endemic +  and Illustrated +
hypogynous +
1.25 cm12.5 mm <br />0.0125 m <br /> (2.45 cm24.5 mm <br />0.0245 m <br />) +
decurrent +
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br />) +
adnate +  and free +
11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br /> (17 cm170 mm <br />0.17 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (6.5 cm65 mm <br />0.065 m <br />) +
green +, pale green +  and chalky white +
glabrous;pilose;glaucous +
Magnolia michauxiana +
Magnolia macrophylla +
Magnolia +
species +
creamy white +
deciduous +
elongate +
silky-pubescent +
1,500 cm15,000 mm <br />15 m <br /> (3,200 cm32,000 mm <br />32 m <br />) +