Oenothera primiveris

A. Gray

Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 58. 1853.

Synonyms: Lavauxia lobata A. Nelson L. primiveris (A. Gray) Small Oenothera bufonis M. E. Jones O. cespitosa var. primiveris (A. Gray) H. Léveillé O. johnsonii Parry O. primiveris subsp. bufonis (M. E. Jones) Munz O. primiveris var. bufonis (M. E. Jones) Cronquist O. primiveris subsp. caulescens (Munz) Munz O. primiveris var. caulescens Munz Pachylophus johnsonii (Parry) Rydberg
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10.

Herbs winter-annual, caulescent to short-caulescent, long-hirsute, hairs often with reddish purple pustulate bases, especially proximally, also moderately strigillose, and glandular puberulent distally, often on leaves; from a weakly fleshy taproot. Stems (when present) unbranched and erect or, sometimes, few branches from near base, in robust plants stems and caudex hollow and greatly enlarged, especially toward base, densely leafy, 5–35 cm. Leaves in a basal rosette, sometimes also cauline, (1.4–) 6–15 (–28) × (0.2–) 1–3.5 (–5.6) cm; petiole (0.9–) 3.5–8 (–14) cm; blade oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid to shallowly pinnately lobed, margins sinuate-dentate or subentire, apex obtuse. Flowers usually 1–4, rarely more, opening per day, 1–2 hours before sunset; sepals (7–) 12–25 (–30) mm; petals yellow, fading reddish orange to purple, obcordate to obovate, (6–) 13–35 (–40) mm; filaments 6–16 mm, anthers 3–10 mm; style (32–) 40–90 (–100) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers or surrounded by them. Capsules woody in age, sigmoid or curved to nearly straight, lanceoloid to ovoid, 4-angled, 10–45 (–60) × 4–8 mm, beak 4–15 mm, dehiscent 1/4–2/3 their length; sessile. Seeds usually numerous, in 2 rows per locule, obovoid to oblanceoloid, 3–3.5 × 1–1.4 mm, surface thickened above raphe and at distal end into U-shaped structure. 2n = 14.


Phenology: Flowering Feb–May(–Jun).
Habitat: Sandy soil on flats, low hills and margins of sand dunes, along arroyos, road­sides, in desert scrub, grasslands and oak-grasslands.
Elevation: 30–1600 m.

Distribution

Ariz., Calif., Nev., N.Mex., Tex., Utah, Mexico (Baja California), Mexico (Chihuahua), Mexico (Sonora)

Discussion

Oenothera primiveris has a complex variation pattern (W. L. Wagner 2005). In the western part of the range from southeastern California across southern Nevada to southern Utah counties of Emery, Kane, and Washington, and northwestern Mohave County, Arizona, plants generally have a gray appearance, with dense pubescence and larger flowers with widespread self-compatibility, but with scattered populations retaining self-incompatibility. Populations from southof the Mogollon Plateau to southern New Mexico, western Texas, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja Cali­fornia, Mexico, are greener in appearance with smaller to much smaller flowers, and are all self-compatible with occasional outcrossing or complete autogamy. The transitions between these two extremes are so extensive and more or less gradual that it is not possible to subdivide into two subspecies as has been done previously (Wagner).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Oenothera primiveris"
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
1/4;2/3 +
Warren L. Wagner +
A. Gray +
reddish purple +
pustulate +
pedicel-like +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
indehiscent +  and loculicidal +
sinuate-dentate +  and subentire +
oblanceolate +  and linear-oblanceolate pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid +
enlarged +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
erect +  and downward +
quadrangular +
recurved +  and erect +
4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
curved +  and nearly straight +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br />) +
4-angled +, lanceoloid +  and ovoid +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Ariz. +, Calif. +, Nev. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Mexico (Baja California) +, Mexico (Chihuahua) +  and Mexico (Sonora) +
30–1600 m. +
whitish +  and green +
exfoliating +
basifixed +  and versatile +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (7.2 cm72 mm <br />0.072 m <br />) +
hispid +, lanate +  and glabrous +
2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
zygomorphic +  and actinomorphic +
1 +  and 2 +
curved +  and straight +
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
4-angled +, terete +, tapering +, cylindrical +, ellipsoid +, clavate +, ovoid ellipsoid +  and cylindrical rhombic-obovoid or globose +
Sandy soil on flats, low hills and margins of sand dunes, along arroyos, roadsides, in desert scrub, grasslands and oak-grasslands. +
puberulent +  and strigillose +
caulescent +  and short-caulescent +
winter-annual +
suffrutescent +
long-hirsute +
nodding +  and erect +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (28 cm280 mm <br />0.28 m <br />) +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (28 cm280 mm <br />0.28 m <br />) +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (5.6 cm56 mm <br />0.056 m <br />) +
deciduous +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
subentire +  and sinuate-dentate +
pedicellate +  and sessile +
1 +  and 8 +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
orange +  and purple +
obcordate +  and obovate +
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
Flowering Feb–May(–Jun). +
Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. +
basal +  and cauline +
clavate +  and globose +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
sculptured +  and smooth +
obovoid +  and oblanceoloid +
reduced +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br />) +
in pairs +  and separating +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
purple +, pink +, red +  and green +
deciduous +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
parietal +, axile +  and placentation +
unequal +
aquatic +, amphibious +  and terrestrial +
in 2 unequal series +  and subequal +
2 times as many or as many as sepals +
, +  and erect +
petiolate +  and sessile +
intrapetiolar +
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
aquatic +, amphibious +  and terrestrial +
smooth +, reticulate +  and furrowed +
rugose +  and papillose +
Lavauxia lobata +, L. primiveris +, Oenothera bufonis +, O. cespitosa var. primiveris +, O. johnsonii +, O. primiveris subsp. bufonis +, O. primiveris var. bufonis +, O. primiveris subsp. caulescens +, O. primiveris var. caulescens +  and Pachylophus johnsonii +
Oenothera primiveris +
Oenothera sect. Eremia +
species +
3(-5)-aperturate +
woody +  and hard +
smooth +  and erose +
papillate +