familyOnagraceae
subfamilyOnagraceae subfam. Onagroideae
tribeOnagraceae tribe Onagreae
genusOenothera
sectionOenothera sect. Oenothera
subsectionOenothera subsect. Candela
speciesOenothera rhombipetala

Oenothera rhombipetala

Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray

Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. 1840.

Warren L. Wagner
Synonyms: Oenothera heterophylla var. rhombipetala (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Fosberg O. leona Buckley Raimannia rhombipetala (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Rose ex Britton & A. Brown
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10.

Herbs biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose, sometimes also sparsely glandular puber­ulent distally. Stems sometimes with lateral branches arising obliquely from rosette, 30–100 (–150) cm. Leaves in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–20 × 0.6–2 cm, cauline 3–15 × 0.8–2.5 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, gradually narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate distally, margins lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts slightly longer than capsule they subtend. Inflorescences dense, usually without lateral branches, mature buds usually not overtopping spike apex. Flowers 2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–3 mm; floral-tube slightly curved upward to ± straight, 30–45 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, 15–35 mm; filaments 13–25 mm, anthers 3–8 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 25–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. Capsules narrowly lanceoloid, 13–25 × 2.5–3 mm. Seeds brown, sometimes flecked with dark red spots, ellipsoid, 1–1.7 × 0.4–0.7 mm. 2n = 14.


Phenology: Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat: Fields, prairies, sandy soil.
Elevation: 60–600(–1300) m.

Distribution

Ark., Colo., Ill., Kans., Mich., Minn., Mo., Nebr., N.Mex., Okla., S.Dak., Tex., Wis.

Discussion

Oenothera rhombipetala is primarily a central plains species that has scattered localities in the Mid­west to Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and barely entering the easternmost parts of Colorado and New Mexico.

Oenothera rhombipetala had a broader delimitation (P. A. Munz 1965) until W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) divided it into three species (O. clelandii, O. curtissii, and O. rhombipetala), with both of the split-off species being PTH. Evidence gathered by Dietrich and Wagner showed that these PTH species are geographically separated populations of small-flowered plants, and although they are very close morphologi­cally, their distributions and morphological differences suggest that they were each derived independently from O. rhombipetala. Oenothera rhombipetala is self-incompatible.

Oenothera pyramidalis H. Léveillé is a superfluous name and pertains here.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Oenothera rhombipetala"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
14 +
4-locular septum architecture
incomplete +
4-locular septum architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Androecium position
epigynous +
Anther fixation
versatile +
Anther some measurement
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Author
Warren L. Wagner +
Authority
Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray +
Basal leaf arrangement
alternate +
Basal leaf position
cauline +
Basal leaf presence
absent +
Basal stem length
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
Basal stem width
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Base coloration
pale green +  and yellow usually fading orange purple pale-yellow reddish or whitish +
Base shape
pedicel-like +
Basionyms
Oenothera ser. +
Berry architecture or shape
nutlike +
Berry dehiscence
indehiscent +  and loculicidal +
Blade margin architecture or shape
serrate +
Blade margin shape
subentire +, dentate +, lobed to sinuate-dentate +  and lobed +
Blade shape
gradually narrowly elliptic +  and narrowly lanceolate oblanceolate or ovate +
Bract length or size
slightly longer +
Bud life cycle
mature +
Bud orientation
erect +
Bud shape
terete +  and weakly quadrangular +
Bud some measurement
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Capsule architecture
sessile +
Capsule architecture or shape
nutlike +
Capsule architecture or structure in adjective form
4-locular +
Capsule condition or texture
dry +
Capsule course
straight +  and curved +
Capsule course or shape
sigmoid +
Capsule dehiscence
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
Capsule diameter
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Capsule length
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Capsule shape
lanceoloid +
Capsule texture
woody +
Capsule width
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Carpel quantity
Many (?) +
Cauline stem length
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Cauline stem width
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Cel reproduction
vegetative +
Distribution
Ark. +, Colo. +, Ill. +, Kans. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.Mex. +, Okla. +, S.Dak. +, Tex. +  and Wis. +
Elevation
60–600(–1300) m. +
Embryo-sac coating
oily +
Embryo-sac course
straight +
Embryo-sac presence
absent +
Embryo coating
oily +
Embryo course
straight +
Embryo presence
absent +
Endosperm coating
oily +
Endosperm course
straight +
Endosperm presence
absent +
Epidermis coloration
whitish +  and green +
Epidermis relief
exfoliating +
Filament architecture
dithecal +
Filament fixation
basifixed +  and versatile +
Filament fusion
distinct +
Filament some measurement
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Floral-tube atypical some measurement
16.5 cm165 mm <br />0.165 m <br /> (19 cm190 mm <br />0.19 m <br />) +
Floral-tube course
upward +  and more or less straight +
Floral-tube duration
deciduous +
Floral-tube presence
absent +
Floral-tube pubescence
hispid +, lanate +  and glabrous +
Floral-tube quantity
, +
Floral-tube some measurement
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br />) +
Flower architecture
zygomorphic +  and actinomorphic +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower odor
unscented +
Flower part duration
deciduous +
Flower part life cycle
anthesis +
Flower quantity
2 +  and several +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Fruit architecture
winged +
Fruit course
curved +  and straight +
Fruit dehiscence
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
Fruit shape
4-angled +, terete +, tapering +, cylindrical +, ellipsoid +, clavate +, ovoid ellipsoid +  and cylindrical rhombic-obovoid or globose +
Habitat
Fields, prairies, sandy soil. +
Hair height or length or size
short +
Hair position relational
interlocking +
Herb architecture
caulescent +
Herb architecture or function or pubescence
glandular +
Herb duration
biennial +
Herb growth form
suffrutescent +
Herb pubescence
strigillose +
Indusium architecture
peltate +
Indusium prominence
conspicuous +
Inflorescence architecture or arrangement
lax +
Inflorescence density
dense +
Inflorescence orientation
erect +
Inflorescence position
axillary +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Lateral branch orientation
arising +
Lateral root orientation
spreading +
Leaf-axil orientation
nodding +  and erect +
Leaf architecture
simple +
Leaf arrangement
alternate +
Leaf atypical some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Leaf condition
later +
Leaf duration
deciduous +
Leaf position
cauline +
Leaf presence
absent +
Leaf some measurement
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
Lobe arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Lobe quantity
4 (?) +
Locule arrangement or growth form
clustered +
Locule quantity
many +
Margin shape
lobed +  and remotely dentate or subentire +
Mouth condition
closing +
Nectary presence
absent +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Ovary architecture
pedicellate +  and sessile +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Ovary position
inferior +
Ovule architecture
bitegmic +
Ovule arrangement or growth form
clustered +
Ovule orientation
anatropous +
Ovule quantity
1 +  and 8 +
Perianth position
epigynous +
Petal arrangement
imbricate +
Petal arrangement or shape
broadly elliptic +  and rhombic-elliptic +
Petal coloration
yellow +
Petal presence
absent +
Petal quantity
4 +
Petal shape
rhombic +  and elliptic or rhombic-ovate +
Petal some measurement
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
Phenology
Flowering May–Oct. +
Pollen-grain dehiscence or orientation
longitudinal +
Pollen arrangement
singly +
Pollen reproduction
fertile +
Polyad arrangement
singly +
Proximal part reproduction
sterile +
Publication title
Fl. N. Amer. +
Publication year
1840 +
Raphide quantity
abundant +
Reference
None +
Rosette position
basal +  and cauline +
Row atypical quantity
2 (4) +
Row quantity
2 +
Secretion condition
wet +
Secretion condition or texture
dry +
Secretion relief
papillate +
Secretion shape
clavate +  and globose +
Seed atypical quantity
1 (160) +
Seed coloration
flecked +  and brown +
Seed length
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
Seed quantity
numerous +
Seed relief
sculptured +  and smooth +
Seed shape
ellipsoid +
Seed size
reduced +
Seed width
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
Sepal architecture or dehiscence
splitting +
Sepal arrangement
separate +  and separating +
Sepal arrangement or dehiscence
valvate +
Sepal coloration
purple +, pink +, red +  and green +
Sepal duration
deciduous +
Sepal orientation
reflexed +
Sepal quantity
4 +
Sepal some measurement
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Septum architecture
incomplete +
Septum arrangement
parietal +, axile +  and placentation +
Septum fragility
fragile +
Septum presence
absent +
Septum width
thin +
Series length or size
longer +
Series quantity
2 +
Series size
unequal +
Series variability
equal +
Set length or size
longer +
Set quantity
2 +
Set variability
equal +
Shoot derivation
adventitious +
Shoot development
developing +
Shoot orientation
arising +
Shrub architecture
unarmed +
Shrub growth form
not clonal +
Shrub habitat
aquatic +, amphibious +  and terrestrial +
Slit dehiscence or orientation
longitudinal +
Spike architecture
leafy +
Spike architecture or arrangement
lax +
Spike density
dense +
Spot coloration
dark red +
Stamen quantity
8 +
Stamen size
in 2 unequal series +  and subequal +
Stamen size or quantity
2 times as many or as many as sepals +
Stem architecture
unbranched +  and branched +
Stem atypical some measurement
100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br /> (150 cm1,500 mm <br />1.5 m <br />) +
Stem growth form or orientation
decumbent +
Stem orientation
erect +
Stem some measurement
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
Stigma architecture
peltate +
Stigma development
developing +
Stigma quantity
1 +
Stigma shape
divided +
Stipule architecture
petiolate +  and sessile +
Stipule duration
caducous +
Stipule position
intrapetiolar +
Stipule presence
absent +
Stipule size
small +
Style pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Style quantity
1 +
Style some measurement
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Subshrub architecture
unarmed +
Subshrub growth form
not clonal +
Subshrub habitat
aquatic +, amphibious +  and terrestrial +
Surface architecture
smooth +, reticulate +  and furrowed +
Surface architecture or coloration or relief
reticulate +
Surface architecture or shape
entire +
Surface condition
wet +
Surface duration
persisting +
Surface life cycle
anthesis +
Surface prominence
obscured +
Surface prominence or shape
flat +
Surface quantity
7 (?) +
Surface relief
pitted +
Surface shape
beaded +
Suture quantity
1 +
Synonyms
Oenothera heterophylla var. rhombipetala +, O. leona +  and Raimannia rhombipetala +
Taxon family
Onagraceae +
Taxon name
Oenothera rhombipetala +
Taxon parent
Oenothera subsect. Candela +
Taxon rank
species +
Tetrad arrangement
singly +
Tetrad dehiscence
3(-5)-aperturate +
Tip fusion
free +
Tip orientation
erect +
Tip position or structure subtype
terminal +
Viscin thread dehiscence or orientation
longitudinal +
Viscin thread fusion
united +
Volume
Volume 10 +
Wall texture
woody +  and hard +
Wing architecture
smooth +  and erose +
Wing condition or texture
dry +
Wing relief
papillate +
Wing width
thick +