Orthotrichum alpestre

Hornschuch ex Bruch & Schimper

Bryol. Europ. 3: 75, plate 213. 1849.

Synonyms: Orthotrichum alpestre var. majus Lesquereux & James O. alpestre var. watsonii (James) Grout O. occidentale O. watsonii
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 50. Mentioned on page 49.

Plants 0.5–2.3 cm. Stem-leaves loosely erect-appressed and ± loosely twisted when dry, elongate to ovatelanceolate, 2–3.5 mm; margins revolute to below apex, entire; apex sharply acute, sometimes acuminate, cuspidate, or apiculate; basal laminal cells long-rectangular to rectangular, walls thin, sometimes nodose at insertion; distal cells 9–14 µm, 1-stratose, papillae 2 or 3 per cell, conic or 2-fid, large. Specialized asexual reproduction on leaves. Sexual condition gonioautoicous. Seta to 1.4 mm. Capsule 1/2–3/4 emergent, sometimes almost exserted, oblong-ovate when mature, oblong to short-cylindric when old and dry, to 1.4 mm, strongly 8-ribbed 2/3 to entire length, constricted below mouth when dry; stomata immersed, 1/2 covered by subsidiary-cells, cells projecting, inner walls thickened; peristome double; prostome absent; exostome teeth 8, reflexed, densely and evenly papillose, striate-reticulate distally; endostome segments 8 or 16, well developed, of 1 or 2 rows of cells, smooth or finely roughened. Calyptra oblong, smooth, ± hairy, hairs strongly papillose. Spores 10–15 µm.


Habitat: Rock, trees, base of trees, moist crevices of large boulders, moist pine and deciduous forests
Elevation: high elevations (2100-3000 m)

Distribution

V28 58-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, Alta., B.C., Nfld. and Labr., Ont., Yukon, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mich., Mont., Nev., N.Mex., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wyo., Europe, Asia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand)

Discussion

Orthotrichum alpestre is distinguished by the highly papillose distal laminal cells; slightly twisted, sharply pointed leaves; calyptra with papillose hairs; absence of prostome; and papillose or papillose-reticulate exostome. The endostome is always present in mature capsules and, because of enlarged cross walls, has a shiny appearance. The capsule is usually oblong and strangulate, although the shape depends on age. In some specimens, the capsule is short-cylindric and not much constricted below the mouth. The stomata are found just below mid capsule.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"entire" is not a number.

... more about "Orthotrichum alpestre"
apiculate +  and cuspidate +
acuminate;acute +
Dale H. Vitt +
Hornschuch ex Bruch & Schimper +
not decurrent +
erect +  and ascending +
8-ribbed or 16-ribbed +  and smooth +
2/3 +, 1/2 +  and 3/4 +
oblong;short-cylindric +
constricted +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br />) +
roughened +  and smooth +
differentiated +
Greenland +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, Ont. +, Yukon +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Mich. +, Mont. +, Nev. +, N.Mex. +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Wyo. +, Europe +, Asia +  and Pacific Islands (New Zealand) +
high elevations (2100-3000 m) +
linear-lanceolate +
rectangular;elliptic +
connate +
occasional +
Rock, trees, base of trees, moist crevices of large boulders, moist pine and deciduous forests +
papillose +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
elongate +  and ovatelanceolate +
straight +
spreading +  and widespreading +
not rugose +
linear-lanceolate +, lanceolate +, oblong +  and ovate +
denticulate +  and entire +
dioicous +, cladautoicous +  and sexual +
rostrate;convex;conic +
mammillose +  and smooth +
2-fid +  and conic +
sometimes larger +
lateral +  and terminal +
Bryol. Europ. +
sinistrorse +, dextrorse +  and erect +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br />) +
papillose +  and smooth +
superficial +
Orthotrichum alpestre var. majus +, O. alpestre var. watsonii +, O. occidentale +  and O. watsonii +
Orthotrichum alpestre +
Orthotrichum +
species +
specialized +
cladautoicous +, pseudautoicous +, dioicous +  and sexual +
incrassate +
olive brown;reddish-brown;olive brown;reddish-brown;dark green +
large +  and small +