Phalaris brachystachys

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Common names: Shortspike canarygrass
Introduced
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24.

Plants annual. Culms 80-100 cm. Ligules 4-6 (7) mm, rounded, lacerate; blades 4-25 cm long, 3-8 (10) mm wide. Panicles 1.5-5 cm long, 0.8-1.8 cm wide, usually ovoid to ellipsoid, occasionally cylindrical, continuous, not lobed, narrowly truncate at the base, rounded at the top; branches not evident, spikelets borne singly, not clustered. Spikelets homogamous, with 3 florets, terminal floret bisexual; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets. Glumes 6-8.5 mm long, 1.4-2.5 mm wide, glabrous or hairy, keels winged on the distal 2/3, wings to 1 mm wide, entire, abruptly pointed; sterile florets 2, subequal to equal, 0.6-1.2 mm, about 1/5 the length of the bisexual florets, with a tuft of hair at the base, otherwise glabrous; bisexual florets 4.4-5 mm long, 1.3-2 mm wide, hairy, shiny, brown to dark-brown at maturity, acute; anthers 3-4 mm. 2n = 12.

Distribution

Tex., La., Calif., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mo., Oreg.

Discussion

Phalaris brachystachys is native to the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands, where it grows on waste ground, at the edges of cultivated fields, and on roadsides. It is adventive in northern Europe, Australia, and North America. It is known from a few locations in the Flora region, most of them in California.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Phalaris brachystachys"
membranous +  and scarious +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Mary E. Barkworth +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
straight +
basal +  and terminal +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
not evident +
cross +, linear +  and narrowly lanceolate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
not evident +
spikelike +
hairy +  and glabrous +
Shortspike canarygrass +
not branching +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (230 cm2,300 mm <br />2.3 m <br />) +
decumbent +  and erect +
swollen +
80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
not woody +
Tex. +, La. +, Calif. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Mo. +  and Oreg. +
1/4 +  and 1/3 +
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
capillary +
pistillate +  and staminate +
hairy +  and glabrous +
acute +  and acuminate or beaked +
0.44 cm4.4 mm <br />0.0044 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
sometimes longer +
1/5 +, 2 +  and 3 +
bisexual +  and sterile +
subequal +
0.6mm +  and 1.2mm +
1.3mm +  and 2mm +
6mm +  and 8.5mm +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
hairy +  and glabrous +
subequal +
1.4mm +  and 2.5mm +
uncinate +
ovoid +  and cylindrical +
distributed +
1-7(9)-veined +
0 +  and 3/4 +
lanceolate +  and linear +
lacerate +  and rounded +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
inconspicuous +
lanceolate +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
well-developed +
2-keeled +
1.5cm +  and 5cm +
rounded +, not lobed +, cylindrical +, usually ovoid +  and ellipsoid +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
Introduced +
pistillate +  and pedicellate +
single +, 10 +  and 200 +
compressed +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
1 +  and 3 +
simple +  and compound +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
plumose +
Gramineae +
Phalaris brachystachys +
Phalaris +
species +
bisexual +  and sterile +
membranous +
parallel +  and converging +
hairy +  and glabrous +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
0mm +  and 1mm +