Phalaris coerulescens

Desf.
Common names: Sunolgrass
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Cindy Roché

Copyright: Utah State University

Plants perennial; cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms 70-200 cm, swollen at the base. Ligules 4-6 mm, rounded to narrowly acute; blades 4-20 (25) cm long, 1-5 (7) mm wide. Panicles 3-12 cm long, 1-2.3 cm wide, ovoid to cylindrical; branches with groups of 4-7 staminate (rarely sterile) spikelets clustered around a terminal pistillate or bisexual spikelet; pedicels glabrous or sparsely hispid; disarticulation below individual bisexual spikelets or below the spikelet clusters. Spikelets heterogamous, some staminate or sterile, others bisexual or pistillate, with 1-3 florets, if more than 1, lower floret (s) sterile and highly reduced, terminal (or only) floret staminate, pistillate, or bisexual. Glumes usually 5-9 mm long, to 3 mm long on spikelets near the base of the panicle, 1.1-2 mm wide, glabrous or hirsute, keels winged, wings 0.2-0.5 mm wide, entire or irregularly dentate to crenate distally, lateral-veins conspicuous, scabrous, apices mucronate, mucros 0.3-0.7 (1) mm; sterile florets, if present, to 1/10 as long the sexual florets, glabrous or almost so; sexual florets staminate, pistillate or bisexual, 2.5-4.5 mm long, 0.7-1.4 mm wide, glabrous or with a few short hairs at the base; anthers 2.5-3 mm. Caryopses 2.8-3.3 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide. 2n = 14, 42.

Discussion

Phalaris coerulescens is native around the Mediterranean; it is now established in northern Europe and South America. It was found in Contra Costa County, California, in 2000.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Phalaris coerulescens"
membranous +  and scarious +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
mucronate +
Mary E. Barkworth +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
straight +
basal +  and terminal +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
not evident +
cross +, linear +  and narrowly lanceolate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
spikelike +
hairy +  and glabrous +
Sunolgrass +
not branching +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (230 cm2,300 mm <br />2.3 m <br />) +
decumbent +  and erect +
swollen +
70 cm700 mm <br />0.7 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
not woody +
1/4 +  and 1/3 +
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
capillary +
pistillate +  and staminate +
hairy +  and glabrous +
acute +  and acuminate or beaked +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
with a few short hairs +, glabrous +  and almost +
0 +  and 1/10 +
bisexual +, sexual +  and sterile +
compressed +
reduced +
0.7mm +  and 1.4mm +
0mm +  and 3mm +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
hirsute +  and glabrous +
subequal +
1.1mm +  and 2mm +
uncinate +
ovoid +  and cylindrical +
distributed +
1-7(9)-veined +
0 +  and 3/4 +
lanceolate +  and linear +
rounded +  and narrowly acute +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
inconspicuous +
lanceolate +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
well-developed +
2-keeled +
3cm +  and 12cm +
ovoid +  and cylindrical +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2.3 cm23 mm <br />0.023 m <br />) +
hispid +  and glabrous +
dry +  and fleshy +
sterile +, heterogamous +  and bisexual +
compressed +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
1 +  and 3 +
simple +  and compound +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
plumose +
Gramineae +
Phalaris coerulescens +
Phalaris +
species +
bisexual +  and sterile +
membranous +
parallel +  and converging +
hairy +  and glabrous +
plant +  and cespitose +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
0.2mm +  and 0.5mm +