familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae
tribePoaceae tribe Poeae
genusPhleum
speciesPhleum arenarium

Phleum arenarium

L.
Mary E. Barkworth
Common names: Sand timothy
Introduced
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Cindy Roché, Hana Pazdírková, Linda A. Vorobick

Copyright: Utah State University

Plants annual. Culms 2-35 cm. Sheaths of the flag leaves inflated; auricles not developed; ligules 1.5-3 mm, rounded to acute; blades 1-5 (7) cm long, 1.5-5 mm wide, flat or folded. Panicles 0.5-5.5 cm long, 3-7 mm wide, ovoid to shortly cylindrical, cuneate at the base, widest at or above midlength. Glumes 2.2-4.4 mm, oblong-lanceolate, keels ciliate, tapered, apices parallel or divergent, awns 0.3-1 mm, usually parallel, sometimes divergent; lemmas about 1/3 as long as the glumes, glabrous or pubescent; anthers 0.3-1.2 mm. 2n = 14.

Distribution

N.Y., N.J., Mass., Oreg.

Discussion

Phleum arenarium is native to maritime sands and shingles of southern and western Europe. It is known only from old ballast dump records in the Flora region.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Phleum arenarium"
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2n chromosome quantity
14 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +  and scarious +
Anther quantity
3 +
Anther some measurement
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
Apex architecture or shape
entire +
Apex arrangement
divergent +  and parallel +
Apex fragility
stiff +
Apex height or length or size
short +
Apex shape
acute +, awnlike +, truncate +  and tapered +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
Mary E. Barkworth +
Authority
L. +
Awn arrangement
divergent +  and parallel +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn course
straight +
Awn orientation
arising +
Awn position
basal +  and terminal +
Awn quantity
single +
Awn shape
bent +
Awn some measurement
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Basal floret quantity
1 +  and 2 +
Base architecture
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
Base arrangement
close +
Base fusion
not connate +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base shape
keeled +, cuneate +  and u--shaped +
Base size
swelling +
Base texture
hard +
Base width
widest +
Blade arrangement
parallel +
Blade arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Blade length
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Blade prominence
not evident +
Blade prominence or shape
flat +
Blade shape
folded +  and flat +
Blade width
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Branch fragility
stiff +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Branch some measurement
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Callus development
developed +
Callus pubescence
glabrous +
Callus shape
blunt +
Common name
Sand timothy +
Culm architecture
not branching +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm duration
annual +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm orientation
decumbent +  and erect +
Culm some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
Culm texture
not woody +
Distal floret size
reduced +
Distribution
N.Y. +, N.J. +, Mass. +  and Oreg. +
Embryo quantity
1/6 +  and 1/4 +
Endosperm texture
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret length or size
sometimes longer +
Floret position or shape
distal +
Floret quantity
1 +
Floret reproduction
sterile +  and bisexual +
Floret shape
compressed +
Floret size
reduced +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume fragility
stiff +
Glume height or length or size
shorter +
Glume length or size
longer +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume presence
absent +
Glume quantity
2 +
Glume shape
oblong-lanceolate +
Glume size
unequal +
Glume some measurement
0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br /> (0.44 cm4.4 mm <br />0.0044 m <br />) +
Glume variability
equal +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Hilum shape
Ovate (?) +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Utah State University +
Illustrator
Linda A. Vorobick +, Cindy Roché +  and Hana Pazdírková +
Inflorescence architecture
compound +
Inflorescence density
dense +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Internode architecture
hollow +
Internode presence
absent +
Keel architecture
3-veined +
Keel architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Keel pubescence
glabrous +
Keel pubescence or relief
scabrous +
Keel shape
tapered +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
distichous +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Lemma architecture
5-7-veined +
Lemma architecture or shape
awned +
Lemma coloration
white +
Lemma coloration or reflectance
translucent +
Lemma height or length or size
shorter +
Lemma length or size
longer +
Lemma pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Lemma quantity
1/3 +
Lemma shape
not keeled +
Ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
not ciliate +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule shape
rounded +  and acute +
Ligule some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lodicule architecture
veined +
Lodicule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Lodicule architecture or shape
truncate +
Lodicule fusion
free +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule pubescence
glabrous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +
Lodicule shape
toothed +
Lodicule texture
membranous +
Midrib architecture
simple +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Node pubescence
glabrous +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
glabrous +
Palea architecture
2-veined +
Palea development
well-developed +
Palea presence
absent +
Palea shape
2-keeled +
Palea size
subequal +
Panicle length
0.5cm +  and 5.5cm +
Panicle shape
cuneate +, ovoid +  and shortly cylindrical +
Panicle size
reduced +
Panicle width
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pedicel fusion
fused +
Pedicel some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Pericarp width
thin +
Pseudopetiole development
not developed +
Pseudopetiole presence
absent +
Rachilla length
prolonged +
Rachilla pubescence
glabrous +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Reference
None +
Sheath architecture
open +
Sheath condition
closed +
Sheath length
open +
Sheath shape
inflated +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24 951.xml +
Special status
Introduced +
Spike architecture
ebracteate +
Spikelet arrangement
mixed +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet quantity
1 +  and 60 +
Spikelet reproduction
viviparous +
Spikelet shape
compressed +
Spikelet some measurement
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
simple +  and compound +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +
Subsidiary-cell architecture
parallel-sided +
Synonyms
Gramineae +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Phleum arenarium +
Taxon parent
Phleum +
Taxon rank
species +
Terminal floret reproduction
sexual +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Vein arrangement
parallel +  and converging +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 24 +
Whole organism architecture
stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
annual +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
X chromosome quantity
7 +