Plagiomnium carolinianum

(L. E. Anderson) T. J. Koponen

Ann. Bot. Fenn. 14: 6. 1977.

Endemic
Basionym: Mnium carolinianum L. E. Anderson Bryologist 57: 177, figs. 1–19. 1954
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 231. Mentioned on page 229, 230, 235.

Erect stems 2–3 (–5) cm, not dendroid; sterile stems to 5 (–20) cm. Leaves green to dark green, crisped and contorted and somewhat spreading when dry, transversely undulate when moist, oblong-lingulate, oblong, or oblongelliptic, 5–8 (–10) mm; base long-decurrent; margins toothed to near base, teeth blunt or sometimes sharp, of 1 (or 2) cells; apex retuse or emarginate, rarely truncate or rounded, usually short-mucronate; costa subpercurrent, percurrent, or short-excurrent; medial laminal cells short-elongate or ± isodiametric, (15–) 20–35 µm, somewhat smaller near margins, sometimes in ill-defined rows, collenchymatous, walls pitted; marginal cells linear, in (2–) 3–4 rows. Sexual condition synoicous. Seta 1–4, yellow-green, dark red to blackish with age, 2–4 cm. Capsule horizontal to pendent, oblong-cylindric, 2.5–3 mm, neck not distinct; operculum long-rostrate. Spores 30–35 µm.


Phenology: Capsules mature summer.
Habitat: Along streams or waterfalls on rock, humus, moist granite cliffs
Elevation: low elevations

Discussion

Plagiomnium carolinianum and P. undulatum, an apparent introduction in British Columbia, are differentiated from other species of Plagiomnium by their long, usually oblong-lingulate or lingulate leaves, which are transversely undulate when moist, and the relatively small size of the laminal cells. Plagiomnium undulatum, to date known only from south-coastal British Columbia, is a much larger plant than P. carolinianum with longer leaves, and its erect stems often branch distally, forming irregular, palm treelike heads. While other species of Plagiomnium have straight capsules, the capsules of P. carolinianum are slightly curved when dry.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Plagiomnium carolinianum"
blackish +, orange-yellow +, reddish-brown +, yellowish-brown +, yellowish green +, red +, brown +  and yellow +
short-mucronate +, rounded +, truncate +  and retuse +
Terry T. McIntosh +  and Steven G. Newmaster +
(L. E. Anderson) T. J. Koponen +
long-decurrent +
Mnium carolinianum +
cucullate +
yellowish-brown +  and yellow +
horizontal;pendent +
oblong-cylindric +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
undifferentiated +
nodulose +
short-excurrent +  and percurrent +
subpercurrent +
bent +, not +  and toothed +
Ga. +, N.C. +, S.C. +  and Tenn. +
low elevations +
yellow +  and yellowish-brown +
brown +  and yellow +
lanceolate-acuminate +
Along streams or waterfalls on rock, humus, moist granite cliffs +
crowded +  and distant +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
green +  and dark green +
oblongelliptic +, oblong +, oblong-lingulate +, undulate +  and crisped +
larger +  and small +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
yellow-green +  and green +
synoicous +  and sexual +
rhomboidal +  and linear +
isodiametric +  and short-elongate +
not distinct +
long-rostrate +
Capsules mature summer. +
Ann. Bot. Fenn. +
smaller +  and larger +
ill-defined +
dark red +  and blackish +
straight +  and flexuose +
1 +  and 4 +
elongate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
spheric +
not dendroid +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
brownish +, yellow-green +  and green +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Plagiomnium carolinianum +
Plagiomnium +
species +
sharp +  and blunt +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +