Platanthera dilatata var. leucostachys

(Lindley) Luer

Native Orchids U.S. & Canada, 225. 1975.

Endemic
Basionym: Platanthera leucostachys Lindley Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 288. 1835
Synonyms: Habenaria dilatata var. leucostachys (Lindley) Ames Habenaria leucostachys (Lindley) S. Watson Limnorchis leucostachys (Lindley) Rydberg
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 557. Mentioned on page 558.

Lip often slender with dilation absent or only moderately developed, 4–11 mm; spur slenderly cylindric to filiform, 8–20 mm (markedly longer than lip), apex usually slenderly tapered; viscidia linear to linear-oblong. 2n = 42.


Phenology: Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat: Wet meadows, marshes, fens, stream banks, shores, ditches, seeping slopes, roadsides
Elevation: 0–3400 m

Distribution

V26 1136-distribution-map.jpg

B.C., Alaska, Calif., Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash.

Discussion

Platanthera dilatata traditionally has been divided on the basis of spur length into three varieties, one of which, var. leucostachys, is sometimes treated as a distinct species. These infraspecific taxa seem to reflect differing pollination pressures. The moderate spur length and diurnal fragrance of var. dilatata suggests adaptation to diurnal Lepidoptera; the long spurs and primarily nocturnal fragrance of var. leucostachys indicates specialization for moth pollination, and the short spurs and often broader viscidia of var. albiflora suggest a broader range of pollinators or, in extreme cases, specialization for bee or fly pollination. Alone, these characteristics might support recognition at the specific level, but intermediates and populations with variable spur lengths are abundant. In some plants in western Canada, in particular, spurs that are very short when the flower is young grow to equal the lip as the flower ages, and in some they may eventually greatly exceed the lip, thereby simulating all three varieties. Plants with short spurs, either thick or variably slender, occur occasionally across the range of the species. In the southern Rocky Mountains spur reduction reaches an extreme, yet populations with moderate-length spurs occur there as well. In the broad sense, then, P. dilatata forms a cohesive unit in which spur length varies greatly, apparently in response to differing pollination pressures. The northwest is the center of variability of the species, and as it ranges eastward through the boreal forest, and southward down the Rockies and the more western ranges, it appears to have specialized for different pollinators. The recognized varieties of P. dilatata are evidentally merely endpoints in a very complex variation pattern. They have some utility for discussion purposes, but they are very simplistic representations of the underlying situation. Variety leucostachys and, to a lesser extent, var. dilatata appear to be real entities that have emerged from a background of variability that continues to produce similar plants. This variability is here treated within var. albiflora.

Platanthera dilatata hybridizes with P. huronensis and P. purpurascens, and perhaps also does so with other related species; see the note under 10. P. aquilonis.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
self-pollination +
tapered +
Charles J. Sheviak +
(Lindley) Luer +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (?) +  and 1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (?) +
rhombic +, slightly rounded-dilated +  and orbiculate +
2mm +  and 5mm +
Platanthera leucostachys +
indehiscent +
not +  and articulate +
conduplicate +  and plicate +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (32 cm320 mm <br />0.32 m <br />) +
oblanceolate +  and oblong +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
B.C. +, Alaska +, Calif. +, Mont. +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, Utah +  and Wash. +
0–3400 m +
3-merous +, sessile +  and pedicellate +
conspicuous +  and showy +
ellipsoid;cylindric +
Wet meadows, marshes, fens, stream banks, shores, ditches, seeping slopes, roadsides +
lateral +  and terminal +
spreading +  and reflexed +
petiolate +, sessile +  and simple +
ascending;recurved-spreading +
Few (?) +  and Several (?) +
reduced +
descending +
3-partite +  and lobed +
slender +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br />) +
rhombic +, slightly rounded-dilated +  and orbiculate +
2mm +  and 5mm +
differing in form and color +
slender +  and stout +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
1-many-flowered +  and cymose +
pendent +  and erect +
ovate;linear-lance-falcate +
Flowering May–Aug. +
Native Orchids U.S. & Canada, +
aerial +  and subterranean +
lancefusiform +
slender +
downward +  and directed +
minute +
free +, distinct +, adnate +  and connate +
foliaceous +
not +  and alike +
slenderly cylindric +  and filiform +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
leafless +  and leafy +
pendent +  and erect +
proliferous +
thickened +  and stout +
concave +  and convex +
Habenaria dilatata var. leucostachys +, Habenaria leucostachys +  and Limnorchis leucostachys +
Platanthera dilatata var. leucostachys +
Platanthera dilatata +
variety +
linear +  and linear-oblong +
aquatic +, lithophytic +, terrestrial +  and epiphytic +
saprophytic +, photosynthetic +  and mycotrophic +
erect to somewhat +