Plumbago

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 151. 1753.

,

Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 75. 1754.

Common names: Leadwort
Etymology: Latin plumbago, a leadlike ore, alluding to historical use as a cure for lead poisoning
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 610. Mentioned on page 602, 603.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA5 P69 Armeria maritima.jpegArmeria maritima
Limonium carolinianum
Plumbago zeylanica
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers

Plants perennial shrubs or suffrutescent herbs; roots not known. Stems erect, prostrate, or climbing, ribbed. Leaves cauline, sessile or short-petiolate (petiole usually less than 1.5 cm); blade elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, base narrowed, margins entire, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse, membranaceous. Inflorescences terminal or axillary spikelike racemes or panicles. Pedicels 2-bracteolate, short. Flowers sometimes heterostylous, short-pedicellate; bracts absent; calyx persistent, 5-ribbed, tubular, with stalked, capitate-glandular protuberances along ribs; lobes triangular, 1–2 mm; corolla salverform, evenly to somewhat unevenly 5-lobed, lobes spreading, obovate, round, or truncate, mucronate; stamens included or exserted, free from corolla; style 1 included or exserted; stigmas 5, linear. Fruits capsules, included, brownish, long-beaked; valves coherent at apex. x = 7.

Distribution

Tropical and subtropical regions, North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa

Discussion

species 12 (2 in the flora)

Several species of Plumbago are cultivated, including P. auriculata. The entire plant of that species, especially the root, contains plumbagin, a toxic naphthoquinone derivative (oil of plumbago), which may cause severe skin irritation or blistering in humans and may also be toxic to other animals (T. C. Fuller and E. McClintock 1986).

The remarkable glands on the calyces of Plumbago are often called “glandular hairs,” but they are not true hairs, being much more massive and multicellular structures with enlarged, capitate apices.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Corollas pale blue, tube 2 or more times length of calyx; calyces with stipitate, glandlike protuberances and hairs; inflorescences compact, 2.5-3(-5) cm; plants cultivated and locally naturalized in Florida Plumbago auriculata
1 Corollas white, tube mostly less than 2 times length of calyx; calyces with stipitate, glandlike protuberances, true hairs absent; inflorescences elongate, 3-15(-30) cm; plants native Plumbago zeylanica
... more about "Plumbago"
obtuse;acuminate;obtuse;acuminate;acute +
membranaceous +
Alan R. Smith +
Linnaeus +
narrowed +
elliptic;oblanceolate or spatulate +
persistent +
tubular +
Leadwort +
mucronate +, truncate +, round +, obovate +  and salverform +
Tropical and subtropical regions +, North America +, Central America +, South America +, Europe +, Asia +  and Africa +
Latin plumbago, a leadlike ore, alluding to historical use as a cure for lead poisoning +
free +  and adnate +
short-pedicellate +  and heterostylous +
short-petiolate +  and sessile +
distinct +
5-lobed;triangular +
? (?) +  and ? (?) +
lobed +  and entire +
swollen +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
2-bracteolate +
distinct +
Sp. Pl. +  and Gen. Pl. ed. +
1753 +  and 1754 +
persistent +
exserted +  and included +
acaulescent +
climbing +  and prostrate +
exserted +  and included +
Plumbago +
Plumbaginaceae +
coherent +
rhizomatous +  and taprooted +
herb +, suffrutescent +, shrub +  and plant +