familyPolygalaceae
genusPolygala
speciesPolygala appendiculata

Polygala appendiculata

Vellozo

Fl. Flumin., 292. 1829.

J. Richard Abbott
Common names: Swamp milkwort
Synonyms: Polygala leptocaulis Torrey & A. Gray
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10.

Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (1–) 2–5 (–6) dm, branched distally; from taproot, usually quickly becoming fibrous-root cluster. Stems erect, glabrous. Leaves alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade linear to subfiliform, 8–25 × 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. Racemes cylindric, 1.5–13 × 0.5–0.6 cm; peduncle 0.5–1 cm; bracts deciduous, narrowly lanceolate-ovate. Pedicels 0.8–1 mm, glabrous. Flowers usually purplish-pink or lavender-pink, rarely white, 1.6–2.2 mm; sepals ovate to narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1 mm; wings obovate or elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded; keel 1.5–2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–3 lobes on each side. Capsules oblong to ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, margins not winged. Seeds 1–1.2 mm, pubescent; aril 0.1 (–0.2) mm, lobes less than 1/8 length of seed.


Phenology: Flowering spring–early summer.
Habitat: Savannas, pastures, bogs, open pine woods, pond margins.
Elevation: 0–100 m.

Distribution

Created with Raphaël 2.2.0

Fla., La., Miss., Tex., Mexico (Campeche), Mexico (México), Mexico (Michoacán), Mexico (Tabasco), Mexico (Veracruz), West Indies, Central America, South America

Discussion

Polygala appendiculata is part of a widespread complex in Latin America, potentially representing more than one evolutionary lineage. Even if found to be a single lineage, it is one with a complicated nomenclatural history (J. F. B. Pastore 2013).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Polygala appendiculata"
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Anther dehiscence
dehiscent +
Anther fixation
basifixed +
Apex shape
obtuse +  and bluntly rounded +
Aril atypical some measurement
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> +
Aril some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> - ? +
Author
J. Richard Abbott +
Authority
Vellozo +
Base shape
obtuse +  and cuneate +
Blade architecture
veined +
Blade coloration or relief
punctate +
Blade growth form
dimorphic +
Blade length
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> - 2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> +
Blade position or structure subtype
secondary +
Blade prominence
obscure +
Blade shape
linear +  and subfiliform +
Blade size
uniform +
Blade surface pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Blade width
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> +
Bract duration
deciduous +
Bract quantity
1 +
Bract shape
lanceolate-ovate +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Capsule length
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> - 0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> +
Capsule shape
oblong +  and ellipsoid +
Capsule width
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br /> +
Common name
Swamp milkwort +
Corymb arrangement
fascicles +
Corymb size
reduced +
Crest pubescence
glabrous +
Crest shape
2-parted +
Distribution
Fla. +, La. +, Miss. +, Tex. +, Mexico - Campeche +, Mexico - México +, Mexico - Michoacán +, Mexico - Tabasco +, Mexico - Veracruz +, West Indies +, Central America +  and South America +
Elevation
0–100 m. +
Fibrou-root arrangement
cluster +
Filament fusion
connate +
Flower architecture
sessile +  and pedicellate +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower arrangement
not grouped +
Flower atypical some measurement
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> - 1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> +
Flower coloration
white +, lavender-pink +  and purplish-pink +
Flower coloration or density
purple +
Flower location
in proximal leaf-axils +  and subterranean +
Flower quantity
fewer +
Flower reproduction
cleistogamous +  and chasmogamous +
Flower some measurement
0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br /> - 0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br /> +
Fruits capsule architecture
samaroid +  and pseudomonomerous +
Fruits capsule dehiscence
dehiscent +
Fruits capsule pubescence
glabrous +  and pubescent +
Fruits capsule shape
isodiametric +  and slightly oblong +
Habitat
Savannas, pastures, bogs, open pine woods, pond margins. +
Herb architecture
branched +  and single-stemmed +
Herb architecture or growth form
multistemmed +
Herb atypical some measurement
5dm - 6dm +
Herb duration
annual +
Herb quantity
single +
Herb some measurement
2dm - 5dm +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Keel shape
crested +
Keel some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> - 0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> +
Lateral inner sepal architecture
petaloid +
Lateral inner sepal fusion
adnate +
Lateral inner sepal size
expanded +
Lateral petal quantity
2 +
Lateral petal size
reduced +
Leaf architecture
subsessile +  and sessile +
Leaf arrangement
alternate +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Leaf presence
absent +
Leaf variability
uniform +
Lobe length
0 length of seed - 1/8 length of seed +
Lobe quantity
2 - 3 +
Locule atypical quantity
2 - 40 +
Lower petal life cycle
anthesis +
Lower petal quantity
1 +
Lower sepal quantity
2 +
Margin architecture
not winged +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin position
leaf-opposed +, axillary +  and terminal +
Margin pubescence
glabrous +, ciliolate +  and ciliate +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Outer sepal quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Ovary architecture
2-loculed +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
2[-8]-locular +
Ovary placentation
axile +
Ovary position
superior +
Ovule quantity
1 +
Pedicel architecture
winged +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Pedicel pubescence
glabrous +
Pedicel some measurement
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> +
Peduncle presence
absent +
Peduncle some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> - 1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> +
Petal quantity
3 +
Phenology
Flowering spring–early summer. +
Pistil architecture
syncarpous +  and 2[-8]-carpellate +
Publication title
Fl. Flumin., +
Publication year
1829 +
Raceme architecture
interrupted +
Raceme length
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> - 13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br /> +
Raceme shape
cylindric +
Raceme width
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> - 0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> +
Reference
None +
Rootstock coloration
usually brownish +  and whitish +
Rootstock relief
exfoliating +
Seed architecture
arillate +
Seed architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Seed coloration
blackish +
Seed pubescence
pubescent +
Seed quantity
1 +
Seed shape
ellipsoid +
Seed some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> - 0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> +
Seeds coat architecture
arillate +
Seeds coat pubescence
pubescent +
Sepal arrangement
imbricate +
Sepal duration
persistent +
Sepal pubescence
glabrous +
Sepal quantity
5 +
Sepal shape
ovate +  and narrowly lanceolate-ovate +
Sepal size
unequal +
Sepal some measurement
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> - ? +  and 0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> - ? +
Shrub architecture
unarmed +
Shrub growth form
clonal +
Shrub reproduction
synoecious +
Slit height or length or size
short +
Species architecture
capsular +
Stamen atypical quantity
6 - 8 +
Stamen quantity
8 +
Stem architecture or arrangement
lax +
Stem growth form or orientation
prostrate +  and decumbent +
Stem orientation
erect +
Stem pubescence
glabrous +
Stigma quantity
2 +
Stipule architecture
not +  and petiolate +
Stipule presence
absent +
Style quantity
1 +
Subapical pore quantity
1 +
Surface pubescence
glabrous +
Synonyms
Polygala leptocaulis +
Taxon family
Polygalaceae +
Taxon name
Polygala appendiculata +
Taxon parent
Polygala +
Taxon rank
species +
Upper petal arrangement or vernation
conduplicate +
Upper petal orientation
reflexed +
Upper petal quantity
2 +
Upper petal shape
crested +  and lobed +
Upper sepal quantity
2 +
Volume
Volume 10 +
Wing duration
persistent +
Wing length
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> - 0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> +
Wing pubescence
glabrous +
Wing shape
elliptic +  and obovate +
Wing some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> - 0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> +
Wing width
0.8mm;1mm +