Polypodium appalachianum

Haufler & Windham

Amer. Fern J. 81: 18. 1991.

Common names: Appalachian polypody polypode des Appalaches
Endemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.

Stems often whitish pruinose, slender, to 6 mm diam., acrid-tasting; scales concolored to weakly bicolored, uniformly golden brown or slightly darker near apex, lanceolate, contorted distally, margins denticulate. Leaves to 40 cm. Petiole slender, ± 1.5 mm diam. Blade elongate-deltate, rarely oblong, pinnatifid, usually widest at or near base, to 9 cm wide, herbaceous to somewhat leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales lanceolate-ovate, usually more than 6 cells wide. Segments linear to oblong, less than 8 mm wide, margins entire to crenulate; apex acute to narrowly rounded; midrib glabrous adaxially. Venation free. Sori midway between margin and midrib to nearly marginal, less than 3 mm diam., circular when immature. Sporangiasters present, usually more than 40 per sorus, heads densely covered with glandular-hairs. Spores less than 52 µm, verrucose, projections less than 3 µm tall. 2n = 74.


Phenology: Sporulating summer–fall.
Habitat: Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates
Elevation: 0–1800 m

Distribution

V2 623-distribution-map.gif

N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ala., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va.

Discussion

Polypodium appalachianum is a newly recognized species traditionally identified as the diploid cytotype of P. virginianum (A. M. Evans 1971; I. Manton and M. Shivas 1953). Because the tetraploid cytotype is an allopolyploid (C. H. Haufler and Wang Z. R. 1991), and the type specimen of P. virginianum is tetraploid (R. Cranfill and D. M. Britton 1983), the diploid is recognized here as a distinct species, P. appalachianum. Some collections of P. appalachianum can be difficult to distinguish from P. virginianum, but the latter species has spores averaging more than 52 µm, and P. appalachianum has spores less than 52 µm. Frequent hybridization between P. appalachianum and P. virginianum forms morphologically intermediate, triploid individuals with misshapen spores. Particularly confusing is the frequent occurrence of the triploid sympatric with only one parent or with neither parent nearby.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"widest" is not a number.

... more about "Polypodium appalachianum"
acute +  and narrowly rounded +
Christopher H. Haufler +, Michael D. Windham +, Frank A. Lang +  and S. A. Whitmore +
Haufler & Windham +
0cm;9cm +
pinnate +  and pinnatisect +
scaly +  and not glaucous +
pinnatifid +, oblong +  and elongate-deltate +
leathery +  and herbaceous to somewhat +
Appalachian polypody +  and polypode des Appalaches +
N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +  and W.Va. +
0–1800 m +
elliptic +  and cordate +
Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates +
monomorphic +
closely spaced;distant +
narrowed +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (90 cm900 mm <br />0.9 m <br />) +
entire +  and crenulate +
winged +, grooved +  and articulate +
straw-colored +
terete +  and flattened +
Sporulating summer–fall. +
Amer. Fern J. +
not adaxially +  and grooved +
glabrous;sparsely scaly;glabrescent abaxially +
1 +  and 3 +
clathrate;not peltate;not clathrate;strongly clathrate +
concolored;weakly bicolored uniformly golden brown or slightly darker +
lanceolate-ovate +  and lanceolate +
linear +  and oblong +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
discrete +
circular +  and oval +
of modified sporangia +
yellowish +  and transparent +
pruinose +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
few;numerous +
slender +
acrid-tasting +
verrucose +  and tuberculate +
Polypodium appalachianum +
Polypodium +
species +
anastomosing +
epiphytic +  and terrestrial +
pendent +, arching +  and erect +