Polypodium hesperium

Maxon

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 200. 1900.

Common names: Western polypody
Synonyms: Polypodium prolongilobum Clute Polypodium vulgare subsp. columbianum (Gilbert) Hultén Polypodium vulgare var. columbianum Gilbert Polypodium vulgare var. hesperium (Maxon) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.

Stems occasionally whitish pruinose, slender to moderately stout, to 6 mm diam., acrid to sweet-tasting: scales concolored, brown or slightly mottled, often darker near point of attachment, lanceolate, usually symmetric, margins entire to denticulate. Leaves to 35 cm. Petiole slender, to 1.5 mm diam. Blade oblong to lanceolate-ovate, occasionally deltate, pinnatifid, usually widest at or near middle, to 7 cm wide, herbaceous to somewhat leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales linear-lanceolate, usually less than 6 cells wide. Segments oblong to linear-lanceolate, less than 12 mm wide; margins entire to crenulate or obscurely serrate; apex obtuse to acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. Venation free. Sori midway between margin and midrib, less than 3 mm diam., oval when immature. Sporangiasters absent. Spores more than 58 µm, rugose to verrucose or tuberculate, surface projections commonly less than 3 µm. 2n = 148.


Phenology: Sporulating summer–fall.
Habitat: Cracks and ledges on cliffs, on a variety of noncalcareous substrates, rarely on limestone
Elevation: 300–3500 m.

Distribution

V2 156-distribution-map.gif

B.C., Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N.Mex., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Mexico in Chihuahua, Baja California

Discussion

Using morphologic and chromosomal data, F. A. Lang (1971) proposed that Polypodium hesperium originated through allotetraploidy involving P. glycyrrhiza and P. amorphum, a hypothesis recently supported by electrophoretic studies (C. H. Haufler, M. D. Windham, and E. W. Rabe, unpublished). Variations in spore surface morphology and banding patterns observed in isozyme studies indicate that P. hesperium may have originated more than once from different individuals of the same species. Some collections of P. hesperium can be mistaken for P. glycyrrhiza, but the latter species is easily distinguished by its pubescent rachises, linear blade scales, and smaller spores (less than 58 µm). Although P. amorphum has sporangiasters and P. hesperium lacks them, misshapen sporangia in P. hesperium can mimic these distinctive soral structures. Therefore, it is often necessary to use a combination of soral, stem scale, and blade scale features (discussed in the key) to separate P. hesperium from P. amorphum. Hybridization occurs between P. hesperium and each of its progenitor diploids to form triploid individuals with misshapen spores (F. A. Lang 1971). Rare, sterile, tetraploid hybrids with P. saximontanum have also been detected (M. D. Windham, unpublished).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"widest" is not a number.

... more about "Polypodium hesperium"
obtuse +  and acute +
Christopher H. Haufler +, Michael D. Windham +, Frank A. Lang +  and S. A. Whitmore +
pinnate +  and pinnatisect +
scaly +  and not glaucous +
pinnatifid +, deltate +, oblong +  and lanceolate-ovate +
leathery +  and herbaceous to somewhat +
Western polypody +
B.C. +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Nev. +, N.Mex. +, Oreg. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Mexico in Chihuahua +  and Baja California +
300–3500 m. +
elliptic +  and cordate +
Cracks and ledges on cliffs, on a variety of noncalcareous substrates, rarely on limestone +
monomorphic +
closely spaced;distant +
narrowed +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (90 cm900 mm <br />0.9 m <br />) +
entire +  and crenulate or obscurely serrate +
winged +, grooved +  and articulate +
straw-colored +
terete +  and flattened +
Sporulating summer–fall. +
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. +
not adaxially +  and grooved +
glabrous;sparsely scaly;glabrescent abaxially +
1 +  and 3 +
clathrate;not peltate;not clathrate;strongly clathrate +
darker;mottled;brown;concolored +
0 +  and 6 +
linear-lanceolate +  and lanceolate +
oblong +  and linear-lanceolate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
discrete +
of modified sporangia +
yellowish +  and transparent +
pruinose +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
few;numerous +
slender +  and moderately stout +
acrid to sweet-tasting +
verrucose +  and tuberculate +
Polypodium prolongilobum +, Polypodium vulgare subsp. columbianum +, Polypodium vulgare var. columbianum +  and Polypodium vulgare var. hesperium +
Polypodium hesperium +
Polypodium +
species +
anastomosing +
epiphytic +  and terrestrial +
pendent +, arching +  and erect +