Rorippa aquatica

(Eaton) E. J. Palmer & Steyermark

Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 550. 1935.

Basionym: Cochlearia armoracia var. aquatica Eaton Man. Bot. ed. 3, 243. 1822
Synonyms: Armoracia lacustris (A. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V. M. Bates Cochlearia aquatica (Eaton) Eaton Nasturtium lacustre A. Gray Nasturtium natans var. americanum A. Gray Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene Radicula aquatica (Eaton) B. L. Robinson Rorippa americana (A. Gray) Britton
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 497. Mentioned on page 495.

Perennials; (submerged aquatic with emergent flowering branches, rhizomatous, rooting from proximal nodes); glabrous throughout. Stems erect, unbranched or often branched distally, 3–8.5 (–11) dm. Basal leaves absent. Cauline leaves: submerged shortly petiolate, emergent sessile or petiolate (to 2 mm); blade: submerged pectinate, finely 1–4-pinnatisect into filiform or capillary segments, emergent lanceolate to oblong, usually undivided, rarely lobed, (1.5–) 2–5.5 (–6.7) cm × (5–) 7–15 (–20) mm, margins entire or dentate. Racemes elongated. Fruiting pedicels divaricate to horizontal or slightly reflexed, straight or curved, (5–) 7–15 mm. Flowers: sepals (deciduous after anthesis), ascending, oblong, 2–4 × 1.4–1.8 mm; petals white, spatulate to obovate, 4–8 × 2–3.5 mm; median filaments 3–4 mm; anthers linear, 1.7–2.2 mm. Fruits silicles, straight, oblong to ellipsoid, 4–7 × 2.5–3 mm; (septum reduced to a rim); ovules 48–80 per ovary; style 2–4 mm; (stigma slightly 2-lobed). Seeds biseriate, brown to reddish, ovoid, 0.7–0.8 mm (0.5–0.6 mm diam.), reticulate. 2n = 24.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Aug.
Habitat: Springs, lakes, ditches, streams, open sloughs, swamps
Elevation: 0-200 m

Distribution

V7 770-distribution-map.gif

Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., La., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wis.

Discussion

Submerged leaves of Rorippa aquatica often detach readily and produce adventitious buds from which new plantlets develop. The infrequent production of seeds in this species may indicate that it is self-incompatible and that most or all plants within a given population might be the result of asexual reproduction. It appears to prefer slow, unpolluted, running water. The apparent wide distribution does not reflect how uncommon the species is in any given area. Based on the relatively small number of recent collections in major herbaria, it is likely that most of the county records given by I. A. Al-Shehbaz and V. M. Bates (1987) reflect populations that have disappeared.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Rorippa aquatica"
oblong +  and ovate +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br />) +
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz +
(Eaton) E. J. Palmer & Steyermark +
not +  and rosulate +
not +  and auriculate +
Cochlearia armoracia var. aquatica +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
undivided +  and 1-4-pinnatisect +
5.5 cm55 mm <br />0.055 m <br /> (6.7 cm67 mm <br />0.067 m <br />) +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (5.5 cm55 mm <br />0.055 m <br />) +
submerged +
1-3-pinnatisect +, pectinate +, lyrate +, sinuate +  and dentate +
lobed;lanceolate;oblong +
much smaller +  and reduced +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
petiolate +, sessile +, emergent +  and submerged +
well-developed +
distinct +
not +  and undifferentiated +
not +  and differentiated +
emarginate +  and entire +
Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, La. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +  and Wis. +
0-200 m +
straight +  and curved +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
connate +  and distinct +
actinomorphic +
pink;white;yellow +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
latiseptate +, stipitate +  and sessile +
terete +, torulose +, globose +, subglobose +, pyriform +, ellipsoid +, ovoid +, oblong +  and linear +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
oblong +  and ellipsoid +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Springs, lakes, ditches, streams, open sloughs, swamps +
sessile +  and petiolate +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
cauline +  and basal +
connate +  and distinct +
decurrent +
dentate +  and entire +
pinnatisect;pinnatifid;pinnatisect;pinnatifid;dentate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
rudimentary +
spatulate +  and obovate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Aug. +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. +
divaricate +  and horizontal +
slender +
not +  and mucilaginous +
not +  and mucilaginous +
brown +  and reddish +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +
capillary +  and filiform +
persistent +  and caducous +
distinct +
erect +  and spreading or ascending +
perforate +  and complete +
reduced +
latiseptate +, stipitate +  and sessile +
terete +, torulose +, globose +, subglobose +, pyriform +, ellipsoid +, ovoid +, oblong +  and linear +
latiseptate +, stipitate +  and sessile +
terete +, torulose +, globose +, subglobose +, pyriform +, ellipsoid +, ovoid +, oblong +  and linear +
tetradynamous +
branched +  and unbranched +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
2-lobed +, entire +, conical +  and capitate +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
persistent +
distinct +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Armoracia lacustris +, Cochlearia aquatica +, Nasturtium lacustre +, Nasturtium natans var. americanum +, Neobeckia aquatica +, Radicula aquatica +  and Rorippa americana +
Rorippa aquatica +
species +
scale-like +  and forked +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
leathery +  and papery +
anastomosing +
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
glabrous +  and pubescent +