Perennials; (terrestrial or of wet habitat, not submerged, rhizomes thickened, short); usually glabrous, rarely pubescent proximally. Stems (simple from base), erect, much-branched distally, 4–11 (–18) dm. Basal leaves not rosulate; blade margins pinnatifid. Cauline leaves sessile; blade lanceolate, (2.5–) 4–12 (–15) cm × 5–20 (–25) mm, base auriculate to amplexicaul, margins entire or serrate. Racemes elongated. Fruiting pedicels divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight, 4–15 mm. Flowers: sepals ascending, oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.3 mm; petals yellow, obovate, 3–5 × 1.7–2.5 mm; median filaments 2.3–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.4–0.6 mm. Fruits silicles (rarely produced), straight, globose or subglobose, 2.5–3.2 × 1.5–2.7 mm; ovules 18–40 per ovary; style 1–1.5 (–2) mm. Seeds biseriate, reddish-brown, ovoid, 0.7–0.9 mm, finely colliculate. 2n = 16.

Phenology: Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat: Mud flats, floodplains, fields, roadsides, lakeshores, marshes, ditches, stream banks, wet grasslands, waste grounds
Elevation: 100-1900 m

Distribution

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• Legacy Map

Introduced; Alta., Man., Sask., Calif., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Iowa, Nebr., Nev., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.Dak., Pa., Utah, Wash., Wis., Europe

Discussion

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

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