Rottboellia cochinchinensis

(Lour.) Clayton
Common names: Itchgrass
Introduced
Synonyms: Rottboellia exaltata Manisuris exaltata
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 691.

Culms developing prop-roots from the lower nodes. Sheaths with 1-3 mm, stiff, papillose-based hairs; ligules 1-1.3 mm, light-brown; blades (9) 20-50 (60) cm long, 10-20 (25) mm wide, glabrous abaxially, adaxial surfaces mostly sparsely pubes¬cent, densely pubescent behind the ligules, hairs papillose-based. Rames (3) 6-15 cm long, 2-4 mm wide; internodes 6-12 mm. Sessile spikelets: lower glumes 3.5-7 mm long, 1.4-2 mm wide, convex to flat, 11-13 (15) -veined, apices bifid; upper glumes 5-6.2 mm, navicular, almost completely enclosing the florets, (13) 15-17-veined; anthers of lower florets 2.2-2.3 mm; anthers of upper florets 1.2-2.1 mm; stigmas purple. Pedicels 3-6.5 mm long, 1.5-2.2 mm wide, flat. Pedicellate spikelets 3-8 mm, sterile. Caryopses 3-4 mm long, 2-2.2 mm wide. 2n = 20, 40.

Distribution

Puerto Rico, Ga., Tex., La., N.C., Ark., Miss., Ind., Fla.

Discussion

Rottboellia cochinchinensis is a native of southeast Asia. The species is considered one of the world's worst weeds, and is classified as a noxious weed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It is established in the southeastern United States, and has been reported from scattered locations elsewhere in the contiguous United States. In Africa, it is controlled by tillage or by fire, followed by shallow, then deep, plowing (Hall and Patterson 1992). 'Itchgrass' aptly describes the effects of the hairs on the skin.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.21 cm2.1 mm <br />0.0021 m <br />) +
anatomy +  and kranz +
J.K. Wipff +
(Lour.) Clayton +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
divergent +  and parallel +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
pseudopetiolate +
non-radiate +  and radiate +
well-developed +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
usually linear +  and lanceolate occasionally ovate +
reduced +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
spikelike +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br />) +
Itchgrass +
purple +  and reddish +
ascending +  and erect +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (300 cm3,000 mm <br />3 m <br />) +
not woody +
Puerto Rico +, Ga. +, Tex. +, La. +, N.C. +, Ark. +, Miss. +, Ind. +  and Fla. +
capillary +
sometimes longer +
concealing +
compressed +  and terete +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
compressed +  and rounded +
unequal +
papillose-based +
6cm +  and 15cm +
uncinate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (?) +
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
pedunculate +  and multiple-stalked +
solid +  and hollow +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
photosynthetic +
not aromatic +
coriaceous +
light-brown +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
11-13(15)-veined +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
not pitted +, scabridulous +  and smooth +
convex +  and flat +
1.4mm +  and 2mm +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
sessile-pedicellate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.65 cm6.5 mm <br />0.0065 m <br />) +
1.5mm +  and 2.2mm +
dry +  and fleshy +
elongate +
Introduced +
pedicellate +  and sessile +
in triplets +  and paired +
compressed +
usually smaller +  and reduced +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
1 +  and 3 +
fused +  and free +
2 +  and 3 +
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Rottboellia exaltata +  and Manisuris exaltata +
Rottboellia cochinchinensis +
Rottboellia +
species +
membranous +
sessile-pedicellate +
(13)15-17-veined +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.62 cm6.2 mm <br />0.0062 m <br />) +
plant +  and cespitose +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +