Saussurea

de Candolle

Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: 156, 196, plates 10–13. 1810.

Common names: Saw-wort
Etymology: For Nicolas Théodore (1767–1845) and Horace Bénédict (1740–1799) de Saussure, Swiss naturalists
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 165. Mentioned on page 58, 83.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA19 P08 Cirsium scariosum var amer.jpegCirsium scariosum var. americanum
Cirsium vinaceum
Silybum marianum
Saussurea americana
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers

Perennials, 5–120+ cm; herbage tomentose or glabrescent, not spiny. Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched. Leaves basal or cauline (sometimes cauline only), sessile or petiolate; blade margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed, faces glabrous to densely tomentose, glandular or eglandular. Heads discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Involucres ovoid to campanulate or ± turbinate. Phyllaries many in 3–5 (–10+) series, subequal to strongly unequal, appressed or not, ovate to lanceolate, margins entire, toothed, or lobed, apices obtuse or acute, appendaged or not, not spine-tipped. Receptacles flat or convex, epaleate, smooth, usually subulate-scaly, sometimes bristly or naked. Florets 10–20; corollas white to blue or purple, tubes slender, abruptly expanded to throats, lobes linear; anther bases short-tailed, apical appendages linear, acute; style-branches: fused portions with minutely hairy subterminal nodes, distinct portions oblong to linear, short-papillate. Cypselae oblong, ± angled, cylindric or 4–5-angled, ribs (when present) smooth or roughened, apices entire, glabrous or minutely glandular, attachment scars basal; pappi usually of 2 series, outer of readily falling, short bristles, inner persistent or falling as unit, of basally connate, usually longer, plumose bristles. x = 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19?.

Distribution

North America, Eurasia, 1 in Australia

Discussion

Species 300–400 (6 in the flora).

Saussurea is a notoriously difficult, largely Asiatic genus with species boundaries often indistinct.

Key

1 Outer and mid phyllaries with toothed or lobed appendages Saussurea amara
1 Outer and mid phyllaries entire, without appendages > 2
2 Proximal leaves ovate to lanceolate, usually more than 30 mm wide, bases broadly obtuse to truncate or cordate; plants 30–120 cm > 3
2 Proximal leaves linear to elliptic, 2–25 mm wide, bases acute to acuminate; plants 3–40 cm > 4
3 Cauline leaves usually more than 20, finely to ± coarsely serrate or dentate; s Alaska and Yukon to California, Idaho, and Montana Saussurea americana
3 Cauline leaves usually 15 or fewer, coarsely laciniate-dentate; nw Alaska Saussurea triangulata
4 Phyllaries subequal, linear to lanceolate; receptacles naked Saussurea nuda
4 Phyllaries strongly unequal, the outer ovate to lanceolate, conspicuously shorter than inner; receptacles scaly > 5
5 Tips of outer and mid phyllaries acute; Alaska and nw Canada Saussurea angustifolia
5 Tips of outer and mid phyllaries ± rounded; Rocky Mountains Saussurea weberi

"fine" is not a number.

... more about "Saussurea"
short-tailed +
not +  and appendaged +
entire +  and not spine-tipped +
glandular +  and glabrous +
acute;obtuse +
scarious +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
David J. Keil +
de Candolle +
decurrent +
Asteraceae tribe Cynareae +
compound +  and simple +
dentate to pinnately lobed +  and entire +
10-nerved or 20-nerved +  and rugose +
Saw-wort +
actinomorphic +
white +  and blue or purple +
4-5-angled +, cylindric +, angled +  and oblong +
fertile +  and bisexual +
North America +, Eurasia +  and 1 in Australia +
For Nicolas Théodore (1767–1845) and Horace Bénédict (1740–1799) de Saussure, Swiss naturalists +
eglandular +  and glandular +
glabrous +  and densely tomentose +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
in corymbiform arrays +  and singly +
indeterminate +
glabrescent +  and tomentose +
each +  and sessile +
ovoid;campanulate or more or less turbinate +
petiolate +  and sessile +
cauline +  and basal +
deltate +, usually narrowly triangular +  and more or less linear +
entire +  and dentate +
lobed +, toothed +  and entire +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
papillate +  and smooth +
distinct +  and fused +
short-papillate +
oblong;linear +
Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. +
naked +  and epaleate +
convex;flat +
lipschitz1979a +
roughened +  and smooth +
exalbuminous +
subequal;strongly unequal +
branched +  and simple +
ascending +  and erect +
appendaged +  and truncate +
dilated +  and swollen +
enlarged +
Compositae +
Saussurea +
Asteraceae tribe Cardueae +
expanded +  and slender +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br />) +
tree +, vine +, shrub +  and subshrub +
19 +, 18 +, 17 +, 16 +, 14 +  and 13 +