Scolymus

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 813. 1753.

,

Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 355. 1754.

Etymology: Greek skolymus, a kind of thistle or artichoke allusion unclear, perhaps for perceived similarity to Cynara, globe artichoke
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 220. Mentioned on page 214, 217, 218.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA19 P17 Scolymus hispanicus.jpegScolymus hispanicus
Cichorium intybus
Crepis acuminata
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Barbara Alongi
Bee F. Gunn

Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 10–80 (–200+) cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, glabrous or hairy (internodes winged, margins spiny, faces ± scabrellous and/or sparsely arachnose). Leaves basal and cauline (mostly cauline at flowering); basal ± petiolate, distal sessile; blades oblong or lanceolate to oblanceolate or linear, margins pinnately lobed to dentate, usually strongly spiny (faces ± scabrellous and/or sparsely arachnose). Heads borne singly (axillary and terminal) or in ± spiciform arrays. Peduncles usually 0 (heads in axils of ± foliaceous bracts; if peduncles produced, not inflated, strongly bracteate). Calyculi 0. Involucres campanulate to urceolate, 8–12 [–16] mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries 24–30+ in 3+ series, lanceolate to lance-linear (± flat proximally), unequal to subequal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices spine-tipped. Receptacles conic to hemispheric, smooth, glabrous, paleate; paleae winged (each palea enfolding, adnate to, and shed with cypsela). Florets 30–60+; corollas yellow. Cypselae (each shed with its enfolding palea) brownish, obcompressed, ± obovoid, not beaked, ribs 0, glabrous; pappi 0 or persistent (fragile), of 2–4 [–5] whitish to stramineous, subequal, setiform-aristate scales plus 0–4 muticous to lanceolate scales in ± 1 series. x = 10.

Distribution

Introduced; Europe, Middle East, n Africa, Atlantic Islands

Discussion

Species 3 (2 in the flora).

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Annuals; margins of stem wings and leaf blades usually white and thickened; pappi 0. Scolymus maculatus
1 Biennials or perennials; margins of stem wings and leaf blades little, if at all, white or thickened; pappi of 2–4 setiform-aristate scales plus 0–4 muticous to lanceolate scales. Scolymus hispanicus

"fine" is not a number.

... more about "Scolymus"
rounded;acute +
scarious +
ovate +  and lanceolate +
paniculiform +  and corymbiform +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
John L. Strother +
Linnaeus +
decurrent +
compound +  and simple +
lanceolate;oblanceolate or linear +
tuberculate +, rugose +, muricate +  and smooth +
filiform +
zygomorphic +, actinomorphic +  and (3-)5-merous +
obovoid +  and obcompressed +
Europe +, Middle East +, n Africa +  and Atlantic Islands +
Greek skolymus, a kind of thistle or artichoke +  and allusion unclear, perhaps for perceived similarity to Cynara, globe artichoke +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
in more or less spiciform arrays +  and singly +
indeterminate +
each +  and sessile +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
campanulate;urceolate +
sessile +  and petiolate +
cauline +  and basal +
lobed to dentate +  and lobed +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
muticous +  and lanceolate +
connate +  and distinct +
24 +  and 30 +
unequal +  and subequal +
Sp. Pl. +  and Gen. Pl. ed. +
1753 +  and 1754 +
conic;hemispheric +
whitish;stramineous +
0 +  and 4 +
setiform-aristate +
subequal +
exalbuminous +
hairy +  and glabrous +
appendaged +  and truncate +
papillate +
Undefined tribe Lactuceae +
Scolymus +
Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae +
80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br />) +
shrub +  and subshrub +