Silene nivea

(Nuttall) Muhlenberg ex Otth in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle

in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 377. 1824.

Common names: Snowy campion
Endemic
Basionym: Cucubalus niveus Nuttall Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 287. 1818
Synonyms: Silene alba Muhlenberg ex Rohrbach
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 194. Mentioned on page 170.

Plants perennial, rhizomatous; rhizome elongate. Stems erect, simple to sparingly branched, leafy, 20–70 cm, glabrous to puberulent, especially distally. Leaves 2 per node, sessile or short-petiolate, largest near midstem region, reduced and withering proximally, blade elliptic-lanceolate, base cuneate or rounded, apex gradually acuminate and acute, glabrous to puberulent. Inflorescences cymose, (1–) 3–5 (–12) -flowered, open, leafy. Pedicels 1/2–21/2 times calyx, apex often becoming deflexed, glabrous to hirsute. Flowers: calyx green, obscurely 10-veined, broadly tubular to campanulate, ± constricted at base around carpophore with broad umbilicate base, becoming broadly clavate in fruit, 14–17 × 5–9 mm, herbaceous, glabrous or hirsute, veins green, without pale commissures, lobes triangular, 2–3 mm; corolla white, clawed, claw equaling calyx, expanded distally into 2-lobed limb, limb oblong, 6–7 mm, appendages oblong, 1–1.6 mm, margins ± entire; stamens short-exserted; stigmas 3, short-exserted. Capsules globose, equaling calyx, opening by 3 broad teeth that sometimes split to form 6; carpophore 5–6 mm. Seeds dark-brown to black, with grayish bloom, broadly reniform, not winged, 0.7–1 mm, sides with concentric crescents of low tubercles, larger and deeper on outer margins. 2n = 48.


Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat: Alluvial woodlands
Elevation: 0-400 m

Distribution

V5 394-distribution-map.gif

D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Md., Mass., Minn., Mo., Ohio, Pa., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

The green, obscurely veined, umbilicate calyx with its broad base constricted around the carpophore is unique among the North American members of the genus. Silene nivea is occasionally weedy. It was introduced near Québec City (ca. 1969) but did not persist, and probably is not native also in Maine.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"broad" is not a number.

... more about "Silene nivea"
awned +  and not hooded +
glabrous +  and hirsute +
acute;acuminate +
John K. Morton +
(Nuttall) Muhlenberg ex Otth in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle +
umbilicate;rounded;cuneate +
Cucubalus niveus +
dentate +, emarginate to 2-fid +  and entire +
elliptic-lanceolate +
rarely +  and not succulent +
reduced +
scarious +  and herbaceous +
1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br />) +
hirsute +  and glabrous +
clavate;broadly tubular;campanulate +
constricted +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
conspicuous +
expanded +
Snowy campion +
dissected +  and variously--shaped +
dish--shaped +
expanded +
D.C. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
0-400 m +
peripheral +
subsessile +  and sessile +
conspicuous +
glandular-pubescent +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
stalked +  and simple +
Alluvial woodlands +
leafy +, open +, (1-)3-5(-12)-flowered +  and cymose +
short-petiolate +  and sessile +
whorled +  and opposite +
connate +
largest +
conspicuous +
oblong;2-lobed +
6mm +  and 7mm +
purplish +  and green +
1 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
triangular +
swollen +
3 +  and 5 +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +
1/2-21/2 times calyx +
off-white tinged with purple +, dusky purple +, scarlet +, pink +  and white +
fugacious +
Flowering late spring–summer. +
in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. +
dark-brown;black +
papillate +  and tuberculate +
reniform +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
2.8 cm28 mm <br />0.028 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
persistent +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2.8 cm28 mm <br />0.028 m <br />) +
larger +
rhizomatous +  and stoloniferous +
short-exserted +
fewer +  and 10 +
leafy +, simple +  and sparingly branched +
prostrate +, decumbent +  and sprawling +
glabrous +  and puberulent +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (70 cm700 mm <br />0.7 m <br />) +
short-exserted +
papillate +
distinct +
4 +, 5 +  and 3 +
filiform +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Silene alba +
Silene nivea +
species +
divided +
10-30-veined +
purplish +, whitish +  and green +
inflated +, terete +, cylindric +  and campanulate urceolate or clavate +
membranous +
3 (?) +  and 5 (?) +
pubescence of simple hairs or stalked glands +  and glabrous +