Spiranthes romanzoffiana

Chamisso

Linnaea 3: 32. 1828.

Illustrated
Synonyms: Gyrostachys stricta Rydberg Ibidium strictum (Rydberg) House Spiranthes stricta (Rydberg) A. Nelson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 543. Mentioned on page 531, 536, 539, 545, 559.

Plants 8–55 cm. Roots few–several, spreading to descending, tuberous, mostly to 1 cm diam. Leaves persisting through anthesis or fugaceous, basal, often on proximal portion of stem, ascending to spreading, linear to linearlanceolate, elliptic, or oblanceolate, to 26 × 3 cm. Spikes usually very tightly spiraled, 3 flowers per cycle of spiral, rarely loosely spiraled or with more than 5 flowers per cycle; rachis glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, capitate glands short-stalked or often sessile (longest trichomes 0.03–0.18 mm). Flowers ascending, white to ivory, rarely yellowish white, tubular; sepals and petals connivent, forming hood above abruptly reflexed lip; sepals connate at base, 5.3–12.5 mm; petals linear to ovate, apex obtuse to subacute; lip pandurate, 4.8–10.2 × 1.6–6.8 mm, base broadly expanded, apex broadly dilated, separated by narrow isthmus, apical dilation variable, rarely lip nearly ovate, glabrous or with a few scattered trichomes on adaxial surface; veins typically 3, branches widespreading; viscidia linearlanceolate; ovary 2–7 mm. Seeds monoembryonic. 2n = 44, 66, 88.


Phenology: Flowering Jun–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat: Moist to wet meadows, tundra, marshes, fens, prairies, stream banks, seeps, coastal bluffs, dunes
Elevation: 0–3400 m

Distribution

V26 1107-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.Mex., N.Y., N.Dak., Oreg., Pa., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wis., Wyo., Europe (Great Britain), Europe (n Ireland)

Discussion

Plants of Spiranthes romanzoffiana vary considerably in habit but are usually quite consistent in floral morphology. The strongly hooded, ascending flowers with abruptly reflexed lips provide a distinctive geometric precision. The pandurate lip with typically three veins, the lateral with abruptly wide-spreading branches, is a key feature. In some areas, however, especially at the edges of the range of the species, some variation is apparent and is sometimes coincident with variability in ploidy level. In particular, in California and adjacent southwestern Oregon variability reaches its peak, with plants variously exhibiting yellowish flowers, loosely spiraled inflorescences, and spreading lateral sepals. Some of this variation may result from gene flow from S. porrifolia, but with various ploidy levels common in this area, even within populations, the situation is apparently more complex than simple hybridization.

Hybrids of Spiranthes romanzoffiana with S. lacera var. lacera are known as S. ×simpsonii Catling & Sheviak.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Spiranthes romanzoffiana"
88 +, 66 +  and 44 +
self-pollination +
dilated +, obtuse +  and subacute +
Charles J. Sheviak +  and Paul Martin Brown +
Chamisso +
expanded +
indehiscent +
not +  and articulate +
conduplicate +  and plicate +
flattened +, triangular +  and cylindric +
widespreading +
cylindric +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Maine +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.Dak. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Wash. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Europe (Great Britain) +  and Europe (n Ireland) +
0–3400 m +
3-merous +, sessile +  and pedicellate +
with 5+ flowers +  and spiraled +
yellowish white +, white +  and ivory +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
sessile +  and short-stalked +
Moist to wet meadows, tundra, marshes, fens, prairies, stream banks, seeps, coastal bluffs, dunes +
lateral +  and terminal +
petiolate +, sessile +  and simple +
duplicate +, convolute +, whorled +, opposite +, distichous +  and alternate +
persisting +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +  and 26 cm260 mm <br />0.26 m <br /> (?) +
ascending;spreading +
cauline +  and basal +
oblanceolate +  and elliptic +
reduced +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
0.48 cm4.8 mm <br />0.0048 m <br /> (1.02 cm10.2 mm <br />0.0102 m <br />) +
with a few scattered trichomes +  and glabrous +
ovate +  and pandurate +
larger +
membranaceous +  and fleshy to somewhat +
0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br /> (0.68 cm6.8 mm <br />0.0068 m <br />) +
differing in form and color +
cylindric +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
1-many-flowered +  and cymose +
pendent +  and erect +
linear;ovate +
Flowering Jun–Sep(–Oct). +
pubescent +  and glabrous to very +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
aerial +  and subterranean +
spreading +  and descending +
few +  and several +
slender +
monoembryonic +
minute +
0.53 cm5.3 mm <br />0.0053 m <br /> (1.25 cm12.5 mm <br />0.0125 m <br />) +
foliaceous +
not +  and alike +
Illustrated +
branched +, or +  and simple +
pendent +  and erect +
proliferous +
thickened +  and stout +
concave +  and convex +
Gyrostachys stricta +, Ibidium strictum +  and Spiranthes stricta +
Spiranthes romanzoffiana +
Spiranthes +
species +
aquatic +, lithophytic +, terrestrial +  and epiphytic +
saprophytic +, photosynthetic +  and mycotrophic +