Subularia aquatica subsp. americana

G. A. Mulligan & Calder

Rhodora 66: 132, plate 1295, fig. 1. 1964.

Common names: Awlwort
IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Subularia aquatica var. americana (G. A. Mulligan & Calder) B. Boivin
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 509. Mentioned on page 510.

Stems (0.05–) 0.15–1.5 (–2.3) dm. Basal leaves erect or ascending, blade subulate, (0.5–) 1–7 (–10) cm, margins entire; cauline absent. Racemes (1 or) 2–12 (–18) -flowered. Fruiting pedicels usually forming 30–50º angle with rachis, slender or slightly stout, 1–7 (–10) mm, (sometimes terminal flower on longer pedicel to 18 mm). Flowers chasmogamous or cleistogamous; sepals usually persistent, rarely caducous, (0.5–) 0.7–1 (–1.3) × 0.2–0.5 (–0.7) mm; petals 1.2–1.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm; filaments 0.7–1 mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm; gynophore 0.2–0.7 (–1) mm. Fruits (0.15–) 0.2–0.35 (–0.55) cm × 1.2–2 (–2.5) mm. Seeds light-brown, 0.8–1 × 0.5–0.8 mm. 2n = 30.


Phenology: Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat: Muddy pool margins, rocky gravelly bottoms, shallow stream pools, wet sedge meadows, shallow sandy water flats, muddy tidal flats, salt marshes, gravelly lake beaches, stream shorelines, pools and lakes to 1.5 m
Elevation: 0-3200 m

Distribution

V7 799-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, B.C., Man., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Calif., Colo., Idaho, Maine, Mich., Minn., N.H., N.Y., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wyo.

Discussion

Subspecies americana appears to be the sole representative of Subularia in North America. It differs from subsp. aquatica, which is restricted to northern Europe and Russia, by having persistent (versus caducous) sepals, fruiting pedicels ascending at 30–50º (versus 50–90º) angles, and broadly ellipsoid to broadly obovoid (versus ellipsoid) fruits. G. A. Mulligan and J. A. Calder (1964) indicated that plants slightly intermediate between the two subspecies grow sporadically in North America, and it is not known whether they represent hybrids.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br />) +
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz +
G. A. Mulligan & Calder +
ascending +  and erect +
not +  and auriculate +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
dissected +, repand +, sinuate +, crenate +  and dentate +
subulate +
much smaller +  and reduced +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
sessile +  and petiolate +
well-developed +
distinct +
undifferentiated +
not +  and differentiated +
Awlwort +
emarginate +  and entire +
Greenland +, B.C. +, Man. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Maine +, Mich. +, Minn. +, N.H. +, N.Y. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Wash. +  and Wyo. +
0-3200 m +
straight +  and curved +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
connate +  and distinct +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
actinomorphic +
ascending +  and erect +
cleistogamous +  and chasmogamous +
narrowly oblanceolate +  and lingulate +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
inflated +, terete +, obovoid +  and ellipsoid +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
Muddy pool margins, rocky gravelly bottoms, shallow stream pools, wet sedge meadows, shallow sandy water flats, muddy tidal flats, salt marshes, gravelly lake beaches, stream shorelines, pools and lakes to 1.5 m +
compound +, pinnately +, trifoliolate +  and simple +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
basal +  and cauline +
connate +  and distinct +
decurrent +
pinnatifid +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
purple +, lilac +, pink +, yellow +  and white +
1.2mm;1.5mm +
rudimentary +
cruciform +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
Flowering Jul–Oct. +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
2-12(-18)-flowered +
suberect +, divaricate-ascending +  and ascending +
stout +  and slender +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
stout +  and slender +
mucilaginous +
not +  and mucilaginous +
light-brown +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
oblong +  and compressed +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
caducous +  and persistent +
distinct +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
erect +  and spreading or ascending +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
reduced +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
tetradynamous +
subequal +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
2-lobed +, entire +, conical +  and capitate +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
persistent +
distinct +
Subularia aquatica var. americana +
Subularia aquatica subsp. americana +
Subularia aquatica +
subspecies +
scale-like +  and forked +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
anastomosing +
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
glabrous +  and pubescent +