Symphyotrichum novae-angliae

(Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom

Phytologia 77: 287. 1995.

Common names: New England or Michaelmas daisy aster de Nouvelle-Angleterre
Endemic
Basionym: Aster novae-angliae Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 875. 1753
Synonyms: Virgulus novae-angliae (Linnaeus) Reveal & Keener
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 487. Mentioned on page 465, 470, 483, 488, 498.

Perennials, 30–120 cm, cespitose; with thick, woody, branched caudices, or short, fleshy rhizomes, sometimes with woody cormoid portions. Stems 1–5+, erect (stout, light to dark-brown, sometimes purplish distally), proximally sparsely to moderately hispiduloso-hirsute or pilose, distally moderately to densely so, stipitate-glandular. Leaves (light to dark green) thin, often stiff, margins entire or sometimes with shallow teeth, ciliate; basal withered or withering by flowering, sessile, blades (3-nerved) usually spatulate, sometimes oblanceolate, 20–60 × 5–15 mm, bases attenuate, apices acute, faces sparsely hirsute; proximal cauline withering by flowering, sessile, blades oblong or lanceolate, 50–100 × 5–15 (–20) mm, bases auriculate-clasping, margins entire, pustulate-scabrous, apices acute, mucronulate, faces stipitate-glandular, abaxial thinly strigose, adaxial hirsute or hispidulous; distal sessile, blades oblanceolate, 30–80 × 6–15 mm, gradually reduced distally, bases auriculate-clasping, apices acute to obtuse, mucronate to minutely white-spinulose, faces moderately to densely short-soft-hairy, sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. Heads in leafy, often crowded, paniculo-corymbiform arrays. Peduncles dilated distally, 0.3–4 cm, densely short-hairy, stipitate-glandular, bracts 1–4, foliaceous, linear to narrowly lanceolate, densely short-hairy, stipitate-glandular, grading into phyllaries. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, (5–) 7–9 (–15) mm. Phyllaries in 3–5 (–6) series (dark green to purple-tinged), linear-lanceolate, subequal, outer foliaceous, mid and inner scarious in basal 1/3–1/2, margins stipitate-glandular, apices long-acuminate to acuminate, spreading to reflexed or squarrose, faces glabrous, outer densely stipitate-glandular. Ray-florets (40–) 50–75 (-100); corollas dark rose to deep purple (pale-pink or white), laminae 9–13 × 0.8–1.3 mm. Disc-florets 50–110; corollas light yellow becoming purple, (4–) 4.5–5.5 (–7) mm, tubes ± 1/2 narrowly funnelform throats (glabrous or thinly puberulent), lobes triangular, 0.4–0.7 mm. Cypselae dull purple or brown, oblong or obconic, not compressed, 1.8–2.5 (–3) × 0.6–1 mm, 7–10-nerved, faces densely sericeous, sparsely stipitate-glandular; pappi tawny (barb tips sometimes rose-tinged), 4.5–6 mm. 2n = 10.


Phenology: Flowering Aug–Oct(–Nov).
Habitat: Open, moist to wet, sandy or loamy, rich soils, fields, prairies, meadows, marshy grounds, shrubby swamps, fens, shores, thickets, moist edges of woods, roadsides, railroad rights-of-way, somewhat weedy
Elevation: 0–1600 m

Distribution

V20-1095-distribution-map.gif

Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Utah, Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., in Europe

Discussion

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae is escaped from cultivation and introduced in Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, and has been reported as an ephemeral escape in British Columbia. It possibly escaped from cultivation elsewhere. The Michaelmas daisy is widely sold in the horticultural trade, where cultivars have been developed. Forms have been described that correspond to color genetic variants within natural populations {Aster novae-angliae forma roseus (Desfontaines) Britton; A. novae-angliae forma geneseensis House}; they are not recognized here.

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae resembles Canadanthus modestus, but the ranges of the two do not overlap, and the latter has sparsely hairy cypselae with dark ribs. Symphyotrichum novae-angliae hybridizes with S. ericoides, forming the F1 intersectional hybrid S. ×amethystinum.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
not tailed +, rounded +  and obtuse +
auriculate-clasping +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
distinct +
50mm;100mm +
spreading +  and reflexed or squarrose +
hispidulous +, hirsute +, strigose +  and stipitate-glandular +
pustulate-scabrous +
long-acuminate;acuminate +
subequal +
scarious +
5mm +  and 15mm +
usually triangular +  and linear +
usually deltate +  and lanceolate +
paniculo-corymbiform +  and leafy +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
Luc Brouillet +, John C. Semple +, Geraldine A. Allen +, Kenton L. Chambers +  and Scott D. Sundberg† +
(Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom +
withering +  and withered +
linear-oblanceolate;obovate;oblanceolate +
auriculate-clasping +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
hispidulous +, hirsute +, strigose +  and stipitate-glandular +
pustulate-scabrous +
mucronulate +, acute +, lanceolate +, oblong +, attenuate +, oblanceolate +  and spatulate +
indurate +
5mm;15mm +
Aster novae-angliae +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
hispidulous +, hirsute +, strigose +  and stipitate-glandular +
pustulate-scabrous +
oblanceolate;mucronulate;acute;lanceolate;oblong;acute;attenuate;oblanceolate;spatulate +
reduced +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
rugulose +  and muricate +
stipitate-glandular +  and short-hairy +
linear +  and narrowly lanceolate +
barbellulate +  and barbellate +
New England or Michaelmas daisy +  and aster de Nouvelle-Angleterre +
not 2-lipped +  and actinomorphic +
0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
light yellow becoming purple +, dark rose +  and deep purple +
at maturity , more or less ampliate , tubes usually shorter +
0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
beaked +, 2-ribbed +  and 5-ribbed +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
brown +, purple +  and dull +
0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
not compressed +, obconic +  and oblong +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
fertile +  and bisexual +
fertile +  and bisexual +
Man. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Utah +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +  and in Europe +
0–1600 m +
auriculate-clasping +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
stipitate-glandular +, sericeous +, glabrous +, short-soft-hairy +  and sparsely moderately stipitate-glandular +
pustulate-scabrous +
mucronulate;acute;lanceolate;oblong;acute;attenuate;oblanceolate;spatulate +
5mm;15mm +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
Open, moist to wet, sandy or loamy, rich soils, fields, prairies, meadows, marshy grounds, shrubby swamps, fens, shores, thickets, moist edges of woods, roadsides, railroad rights-of-way, somewhat weedy +
disciform +  and radiate +
indeterminate +
heterogamous +  and homogamous +
each +  and sessile +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
campanulate;hemispheric +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
0.8mm;1.3mm +
auriculate-clasping +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
cauline +  and basal +
hispidulous +, hirsute +, strigose +  and stipitate-glandular +
pustulate-scabrous +
mucronulate;acute;lanceolate;oblong +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
decurrent +
triangular +
entire +  and sometimes +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
not +  and hyaline +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
stipitate-glandular +, hispidulous +, hirsute +  and strigose +
pustulate-scabrous +
mucronulate +, acute +, lanceolate +  and oblong +
5mm +  and 15mm +
stipitate-glandular +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
25 +  and 40 +
0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
stipitate-glandular +  and short-hairy +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Flowering Aug–Oct(–Nov). +
linear-lanceolate +
styliferous +, neuter +  and pistillate +
bearing subulate enations +, hairy +  and bristly +
flat;slightly convex +
exalbuminous +
branched +  and simple +
stipitate-glandular +, pilose +  and hispiduloso-hirsute +
1 +  and 5 +
appendaged +  and truncate +
papillate +  and smooth +
Virgulus novae-angliae +
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae +
Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus +
species +
shallow +
at maturity , more or less ampliate , tubes usually shorter +
ampliate +
with cormoid caudices +  and rhizomatous +
stipitate-glandular +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br />) +
tree +, shrub +  and subshrub +
lanceolate +  and diamond--shaped +