Symphyotrichum urophyllum

(Lindley ex de Candolle) G. L. Nesom

Phytologia 77: 294. 1995.

Common names: White arrowleaf or arrowleaf aster
Endemic
Basionym: Aster urophyllus Lindley ex de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 233. 1836
Synonyms: Aster sagittifolius var. dissitiflorus E. S. Burgess
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 506. Mentioned on page 468, 500, 502, 504, 509, 525.

Perennials, 40–120 (–200) cm, cespitose; short-rhizomatous or with stout, branched caudices. Stems 1–5+, erect (straight to slightly flexuous, brittle, sometimes stout), proximally glabrous or glabrate, distally sparsely pilose. Leaves thin, margins usually shallowly, sometimes deeply serrate, rarely entire (distal), (piloso to strigoso-) ciliate to scabrous (distal), apices mucronate, abaxial faces moderately pilose, ± densely so on midveins, adaxial glabrate to sparsely pilose or scabrous; basal usually withering by flowering, sometimes persistent, long-petiolate (5–15 cm, petioles not or narrowly winged, sheathing), blades ovate to lanceovate or lanceolate, 25–120 × 15–50 mm, bases usually shallowly, sometimes deeply, cordate to truncate or rounded, apices acute, sometimes rounded; proximal cauline sometimes deciduous at flowering, winged-petiolate (petioles distally usually broader-winged, clasping), blades ovate to lanceolate, 50–120 × 20–50 mm, gradually reduced distally, bases usually truncate or rounded to attenuate, sometimes cordate, apices usually acute or acuminate, sometimes nearly caudate; distal ± shortly winged-petiolate or sessile, blades lanceovate or lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 10–100 × 1–25 mm, reduced distally, bases attenuate to cuneate, margins entire to subentire, scabrous, apices acuminate to subcaudate. Heads (crowded) in dense, elongate, paniculiform arrays, branches stiffly ascending to erect (sometimes arched when long, peduncles then often secund), usually racemiform, sometimes paniculiform, leafy. Peduncles 0.3–2 cm, sparsely pilosulous to glabrate, bracts many, ascending, linear to subulate, 2–4 mm, grading into phyllaries. Involucres cylindric, (4–) 4.5–6 (–7) mm. Phyllaries in 4–6 series, appressed or recurved-spreading, subulate (outer) to linear-lanceolate (inner), unequal, bases indurate 1/3–1/2+, margins scarious, hyaline, erose, sparsely ciliolate (mostly distally), green zones linear-lanceolate (outer) to linear (inner), apices long-acuminate to caudate, recurved, hyaline-mucronate to aristate, tips often purple, faces glabrous. Ray-florets 8–15 (–20); corollas mostly white to pale-pink or lilac or light blue, laminae 4.5–8 (–10) × 0.8–1.5 mm. Disc-florets (8–) 10–15 (–20); corollas whitish to cream becoming pink, (3.5–) 4–5 mm, tubes shorter than funnelform throats (with hairs), lobes lanceolate, 0.4–0.7 mm. Cypselae tan to brown or dull purple (nerves stramineous), obovoid, ± compressed, 1.8–2.5 mm, 4–6-nerved, faces glabrous or glabrate or very sparsely strigillose; pappi white or rose-tinged, 3–4 mm. 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat: Open, dry or mesic, sandy or loamy, sometimes rocky soils, limestone pavements, glades, ravines, open oak, sassafras, aspen, or pine woods, edges of woods, moist or dry, rocky bluffs, savanna, wooded banks, stabilized dunes, fields, roadsides, hedgerows, railroads
Elevation: 40–300+ m

Distribution

V20-1131-distribution-map.gif

Ont., Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

The name Aster sagittifolius Wedemeyer ex Willdenow has been misapplied to this taxon; our interpretation of the type of this entity concords with that of A. G. Jones (1980), i.e., that it is conspecific with the type of Symphyotrichum cordifolium or a garden hybrid involving the latter. Aster sagittifolius forma hirtellus (Lindley) Shinners is not recognized here.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thin" is not a number.

... more about "Symphyotrichum urophyllum"
glabrate +  and sparsely pilose or scabrous +
not tailed +, rounded +  and obtuse +
long-petiolate +
persistent +
distinct +
25mm;120mm +
hyaline-mucronate;aristate +
subequal +
scarious +
15mm +  and 50mm +
usually triangular +  and linear +
usually deltate +  and lanceolate +
paniculiform +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
elongate +
Luc Brouillet +, John C. Semple +, Geraldine A. Allen +, Kenton L. Chambers +  and Scott D. Sundberg† +
(Lindley ex de Candolle) G. L. Nesom +
winged-petiolate +  and long-petiolate +
persistent +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
attenuate +  and cuneate +
reduced +
indurate +
20mm;50mm +
Aster urophyllus +
winged-petiolate +  and long-petiolate +
persistent +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
lanceolate;linear-lanceolate +
reduced +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
rugulose +  and muricate +
linear +  and subulate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
leafy +, paniculiform +  and racemiform +
stiffly ascending;erect +
barbellulate +  and barbellate +
sessile +  and petiolate +
White arrowleaf or arrowleaf aster +
not 2-lipped +  and actinomorphic +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
whitish +  and cream becoming pink +
at maturity , more or less ampliate , tubes usually shorter +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
beaked +, 2-ribbed +  and 5-ribbed +
tan +  and brown or dull purple +
strigillose +  and glabrous +
compressed +  and obovoid +
fertile +  and bisexual +
fertile +  and bisexual +
sessile +  and winged-petiolate +
Ont. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
40–300+ m +
strigillose +, glabrate +  and glabrous +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
Open, dry or mesic, sandy or loamy, sometiOpen, dry or mesic, sandy or loamy, sometimes rocky soils, limestone pavements, glades, ravines, open oak, sassafras, aspen, or pine woods, edges of woods, moist or dry, rocky bluffs, savanna, wooded banks, stabilized dunes, fields, roadsides, hedgerows, railroadss, fields, roadsides, hedgerows, railroads +
disciform +  and radiate +
indeterminate +
heterogamous +  and homogamous +
each +  and sessile +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
4.5mm;8mm +
2 (?) +  and 5 (?) +
0.8mm;1.5mm +
sessile +  and petiolate +
cauline +  and basal +
decurrent +
reflexed;spreading;erect +
lanceolate +
entire +  and serrate +
ciliolate +, ciliate +  and scabrous +
entire +  and subentire +
2-carpellate +
rose-tinged +  and white +
persistent +
25 +  and 40 +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
sparsely pilosulous +  and glabrate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Flowering Aug–Oct. +
recurved-spreading +  and appressed +
subulate +  and linear-lanceolate +
styliferous +, neuter +  and pistillate +
bearing subulate enations +, hairy +  and bristly +
flat;slightly convex +
exalbuminous +
0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
0.1mm;0.2mm +
branched +  and simple +
pilose +, glabrate +  and glabrous +
1 +  and 5 +
appendaged +  and truncate +
papillate +  and smooth +
Aster sagittifolius var. dissitiflorus +
Symphyotrichum urophyllum +
Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum +
species +
funnelform-campanulate +  and cylindric +
ampliate +
with stout , branched caudices +  and short-rhizomatous +
120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br />) +
tree +, shrub +  and subshrub +
linear-lanceolate +  and linear +