Trillium recurvatum

L. C. Beck

Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11: 178. 1826.

Common names: Prairie trillium toadshade bloody noses
IllustratedEndemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 114. Mentioned on page 91, 94, 115.

Rhizomes horizontal, white, slender, elongated, brittle. Scapes typically 1 (–3), round in cross-section, 1.5–4.8 dm, slender to robust, glabrous. Bracts held well above ground, strongly petiolate; blade at first strongly mottled in darker green or bronze, mottling fading with seasonal expansion after anthesis, rarely all green, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 6–18 × 2.5–6.5 cm, not glossy, apex acuminate; petiole ca. 1/5 bract length. Flower erect, fragrance not reported; sepals strongly recurved basally and held against scape by turgor pressure, green, sometimes purple-streaked, ovatelanceolate, 18–35 × 6–18 mm, margins entire, apex acute; petals long-lasting, erect, ± connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, dark maroon purple to clear yellow, occasionally 2-colored with purple and yellow, not spirally twisted, lanceolate to ovate, 1.8–4.8 × 0.9–2 cm, thick-textured, base attenuate to weakly clawed, margins entire, apex acute; stamens incurved, 10–15 mm; filaments erect, dark purple, 4–6 mm, ± slender; anthers strongly incurved above filaments, dark purple, 5–16 mm, ± thick, dehiscence introrse; connectives strongly incurved inward, dark purple, projecting about 1 mm beyond anther sacs; ovary greenish with ± purple stains distally, transversely rhombic to angular-ovate, somewhat 6-angled or winged, 7–10 mm, ± equaling filament height; stigmas erect, divergent-recurved, distinct, ± linear, 4–6 mm, slightly thickened basally. Fruits green to white and purple-streaked, odorless, rhomboid-ovoid, 6-angled, almost winged, ca. 1 cm diam., pulpy. 2n = 10.


Phenology: Flowering spring (late Mar–late May).
Habitat: Rich clayey floodplain soils, plants often temporarily inundated while in flower, rich moist woods and bluffs, limestone-derived soils
Elevation: 100–200 m

Distribution

V26 137-distribution-map.jpg

Ala., Ark., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., La., Mich., Miss., Mo., Ohio, Tenn., Tex., Wis.

Discussion

Trillium recurvatum has several named color forms, most notably forma shayi E. J. Palmer & Steyermark with clear yellow petals, and one foliose anomaly (possibly caused by mycoplasma).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number."broad" is not a number."elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."thicker" is not a number.

... more about "Trillium recurvatum"
dark purple +
versatile +  and dorsifixed +
more or less equaling or longer +
cordate +  and linear +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
6cm;18cm +
acute +, acuminate +, lanceolate +, elliptic +  and ovate +
2.5cm;6.5cm +
Frederick W. Case Jr. +
L. C. Beck +
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
attenuate +  and weakly clawed +
reticulate-veined +  and parallel-veined +
mottling fading +, , +  and mottled in darker green or bronze +
not mottled +, , +, mottled in darker green or bronze +  and green +
mottled +  and green +
1;several +
obovate;elliptical +
tunicate +  and scaly +
thin-walled +
Prairie trillium +, toadshade +  and bloody noses +
projecting +  and incurved +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, La. +, Mich. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Ohio +, Tenn. +, Tex. +  and Wis. +
yellowish +  and white +
100–200 m +
connate-coroniform +  and dilated +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
green;white and purple-streaked +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
odorless +
6-angled +  and rhomboid-ovoid +
Rich clayey floodplain soils, plants often temporarily inundated while in flower, rich moist woods and bluffs, limestone-derived soils +
paired +, paniculate +  and racemose +
persistent +
winged +  and twisted +
purple stains +, greenish +, 2-colored with purple and yellow +, purple +  and clear yellow +
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (4.8 cm48 mm <br />0.048 m <br />) +
concealing +
6-angled;transversely rhombic;angular-ovate +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
thick-textured +
0.9cm;2cm +
many;several +
zygomorphic +  and actinomorphic +
bicolored +, white +, green +, yellow +, maroon +  and dark purple +
long-lasting +
distinct +
clawed;obovate;linear +
Flowering spring (late Mar–late May). +
parietal +  and axile +
6-lobed +  and 3-lobed +
Amer. J. Sci. Arts +
branched +, unbranched +  and monopodial +
subterranean +
straight +
erect +  and arising +
slender +
wind-distributed +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
alternating +
purple-streaked +  and green +
persistent +
distinct +
ovatelanceolate +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
divergent +  and alternating +
2-colored with purple and yellow;purple;clear yellow +
adnate +  and free +
1.8cm;4.8cm +
concealing +
lanceolate +  and ovate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
thick-textured +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
with very short style +, sessile +  and twisted +
persistent +
divergent-recurved +  and erect +
linear +  and subulate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
3 +  and 1 +
Trillium recurvatum +
Trillium subg. Phyllantherum +
species +
connate +  and distinct +
sepaloid +  and petaloid +
narrower +
rhizomatous +  and scapose +
3 +  and 2 +