familyViolaceae
genusViola
speciesViola canadensis
varietyViola canadensis var. canadensis

Viola canadensis var. canadensis

[E]
R. John Little, Landon E. McKinney†
Endemic
Synonyms: Viola canadensis var. pubens Farwell V. canadensis var. rydbergii (Greene) House V. canadensis var. scariosa Porter V. geminiflora Greene V. muriculata V. neomexicana V. rydbergii
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 126.

Plants solitary, 11–46 cm. Rhizomes not branched. Stems 1–2 (–4). Leaves: basal: petiole 1.2–20 cm; blade ovate to ovate-reniform, 1.4–8 × 2.4–9.2 cm, base cordate, margins crenate; cauline: stipules oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, margins usually entire, apex acute, long-acuminate to cuspidate, or ± truncate; petiole 0.1–6.1 (–15.2) cm; blade ovate to deltate, 2–7.1 × 0.9–6.2 cm, base cordate or truncate, margins crenate to crenulate, ciliate or eciliate. Peduncles 1–2.6 (–6.1) cm, sometimes glabrous below bracteoles. Flowers: lowest petal 8–15 mm. Capsules 4–8.5 mm, sometimes minutely muricate. 2n = 24.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Oct.
Habitat: Riparian, coniferous or aspen forests, deciduous and mixed forests, cove hardwoods, northern hardwood forests, moist, shaded slopes, sandy, rich, or rocky soil, talus slopes, road cuts
Elevation: 50–3600 m

Distribution

V6 207-distribution-map.jpg

N.B., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Colo., Conn., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.

Discussion

H. J. Scoggan (1978–1979) stated that reports of var. canadensis from Newfoundland require confirmation.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number. "narrow" is not a number.

... more about "Viola canadensis var. canadensis"
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2n chromosome quantity
24 +
Adaxial surface coloration
not mottled +
Anterior stamen quantity
2 +
Apex architecture or shape
truncate +  and cuspidate +
Apex shape
long-acuminate;acute +
Auricle prominence
not +  and prominent +
Auricle some measurement
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
Author
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
Authority
[E] +
Basal leaf atypical quantity
11 (22) +
Basal leaf quantity
1;5 +
Base shape
truncate +  and cordate +
Blade arrangement
overlapping +
Blade atypical width
11.1 cm111 mm <br />0.111 m <br /> (12.3 cm123 mm <br />0.123 m <br />) +
Blade length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (7.1 cm71 mm <br />0.071 m <br />) +
Blade shape
ovate +  and deltate +
Blade width
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (6.2 cm62 mm <br />0.062 m <br />) +
Bracteole arrangement
alternate +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Capsule pubescence
puberulent +  and glabrous +
Capsule relief
muricate +
Capsule shape
ovoid +  and ellipsoid +
Capsule some measurement
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.85 cm8.5 mm <br />0.0085 m <br />) +
Cauline leaf length
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (7.7 cm77 mm <br />0.077 m <br />) +
Cauline leaf width
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (7.8 cm78 mm <br />0.078 m <br />) +
Distribution
N.B. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +  and Wyo. +
Elaiosome architecture
arillate +
Elaiosome pubescence
glabrous +
Elaiosome shape
ovoid +  and spheroid +
Elevation
50–3600 m +
End atypical quantity
5 (10) +
End quantity
0;5 +
Filament architecture or shape
spurred +
Filament some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Flower atypical quantity
2 (3) +
Flower development
developed +
Flower position
axillary +
Flower presence
absent +
Flower quantity
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
Flower reproduction
cleistogamous +
Fruit architecture
3-valved +  and capsular +
Fruit dehiscence
loculicidal +
Habitat
Riparian, coniferous or aspen forests, deciduous and mixed forests, cove hardwoods, northern hardwood forests, moist, shaded slopes, sandy, rich, or rocky soil, talus slopes, road cuts +
Hair architecture
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
Hair arrangement
scattered +  and concentrated +
Hair shape
variously--shaped +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey +
Inflorescence architecture
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
Inflorescence position
axillary +
Lateral other pubescence
bearded +
Lateral petal pubescence
bearded +
Leaf architecture
petiolate +  and simple +
Leaf architecture or shape
not leaflike +
Leaf arrangement
alternate +
Leaf atypical quantity
12 (18) +
Leaf height or length or size
shorter +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Leaf quantity
1 (12) +
Leaf shape
unlobed +
Lowermost petal size
larger +
Lowest petal prominence
showy +
Lowest petal shape
not narrowed +
Lowest petal some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Margin architecture or function or pubescence
glandular +
Margin architecture or relief
erose +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin pubescence
eciliate +  and ciliate +
Margin shape
crenate +  and crenulate +
Nectary prominence
protruding +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Ovary arrangement
connivent +
Ovary fusion
syngenesious +
Ovary placentation
parietal +
Ovary position
superior +
Ovary position relational
surrounding +
Ovule architecture
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
Ovule atypical quantity
1 (2) +
Ovule orientation
anatropous +
Ovule quantity
8;75 +
Peduncle architecture
not jointed +
Peduncle atypical some measurement
2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br /> (6.1 cm61 mm <br />0.061 m <br />) +
Peduncle pubescence
glabrous +
Peduncle some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
Perianth arrangement
imbricate +
Perianth size
unequal +
Petal architecture
purple-veined +
Petal coloration
yellow patch +, white +, reddish violet +  and tinged +
Petal position
lowest +, lateral +, lower +  and upper +
Petal prominence
showy +
Petal pubescence
bearded +
Petal pubescence or texture
soft +
Petal quantity
2 +  and 3 +
Petal some measurement
0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Petiole atypical some measurement
6.1 cm61 mm <br />0.061 m <br /> (15.2 cm152 mm <br />0.152 m <br />) +
Petiole pubescence
puberulent +  and glabrous +
Petiole some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (6.1 cm61 mm <br />0.061 m <br />) +
Phenology
Flowering Apr–Oct. +
Pistil architecture
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
Pistil quantity
1 +
Publication title
Sp. Pl. +
Publication year
1753 +
Reference
None +
Rhizome architecture
not branched +
Rhizome location
deep-seated +
Rhizome orientation
spreading +
Rhizome texture
subligneous +  and fleshy +
Seed architecture
arillate +
Seed atypical quantity
1 (#6) +
Seed coloration
brown;dark-brown or purplish black +
Seed pubescence
glabrous +
Seed quantity
6;75 +
Seed shape
ovoid;spherical +
Seed some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
Seed texture
hard +
Sepal architecture or shape
entire +
Sepal shape
lanceolate +
Sepal size
subequal +
Sepal variability
equal +
Slender taproot height or length or size
short +
Slit dehiscence
longitudinal +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6 207.xml +
Special status
Endemic +
Species architecture
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
Species duration
annual +
Spur coloration
white +
Spur length
elongated +
Spur shape
gibbous +
Spur some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Stamen arrangement
connivent +
Stamen dehiscence
dehiscing +
Stamen fusion
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
Stamen position
lower +
Stamen quantity
2 +
Stem architecture
leafy +  and simple +
Stem atypical quantity
2 (4) +
Stem depth
shallow +
Stem duration
deciduous +
Stem growth form or orientation
prostrate +  and decumbent +
Stem life cycle
withering +
Stem orientation
usually erect;ascending +
Stem pubescence
puberulent +  and glabrous +
Stem quantity
1;2 +
Stem texture
subligneous +  and fleshy +
Stem width
thick +
Stigma atypical quantity
3 (5) +
Stigma quantity
1 +
Stipule fusion
adnate +
Stipule shape
lanceolate;ovate;lanceolate;ovate;oblong +
Stolon architecture
scapose +
Stolon width
thin +
Style architecture
hollow +  and solid +
Style atypical quantity
0 (1) +
Style head pubescence
bearded +
Style pubescence
beardless +  and bearded +
Style quantity
1 +
Style size
enlarged +
Surface pubescence
puberulent +  and glabrous +
Synonyms
Viola canadensis var. pubens +, V. canadensis var. rydbergii +, V. canadensis var. scariosa +, V. geminiflora +, V. muriculata +, V. neomexicana +  and V. rydbergii +
Taxon family
Violaceae +
Taxon name
Viola canadensis var. canadensis +
Taxon parent
Viola canadensis +
Taxon rank
variety +
Volume
Volume 6 +
Whole organism architecture
not stoloniferous +  and caulescent +
Whole organism architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Whole organism atypical some measurement
46 cm460 mm <br />0.46 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism orientation
prostrate +  and erect +
Whole organism pubescence
hairy +  and glabrous +
Whole organism some measurement
11cm (46cm) +
X chromosome quantity
7 +  and 6 +