Viola clauseniana

M. S. Baker

Madroño 4: 194. 1938.

Common names: Clausen’s violet
Conservation concernEndemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 128. Mentioned on page 115.

Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–20 cm; rhizome short, slender, fleshy. Leaves basal, 2–10, often prostrate, sometimes ascending; stipules narrowly lanceolate, margins faintly glandular-toothed, apex acute or obtuse; petiole 5–11 cm, glabrous; blade unlobed, ± deltate, 3–5 × 4–5 cm, base ± truncate, margins serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely pubescent abaxially. Peduncles 8–14 cm, glabrous. Flowers: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins eciliate or ciliate around auricles, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light violet on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, all beardless, lowest petal 8–20 mm, spur white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. Capsules oblong, 8–10 mm, glabrous. Seeds dark-brown to black, 1.2–2 mm. 2n = 44.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat: Hanging gardens, seeps, springs, shady areas
Elevation: 1600 m

Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Viola clauseniana is endemic to Zion National Park, Washington County. M. S. Baker reported that its seeds were minutely roughed, a characteristic not recorded for other Viola species. Viola clauseniana was originally thought to be closely related to the acaulescent blue violets, most notably V. nephrophylla (S. L. Welsh et al. 1987; L. E. McKinney 1992). After contemplating the 2n = 44 chromosome count obtained by J. Clausen (1964), H. E. Ballard (pers. comm.) suggested that V. clauseniana might be more closely related with the stemless white violets (for example, V. blanda) than with V. nephrophylla. Viola clauseniana was considered a distinct species by N. H. Holmgren (2005d) and T. Marcussen and T. Karlsson (2010).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number. "narrow" is not a number.

... more about "Viola clauseniana"
obtuse;obtuse;acute +
not +  and prominent +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
M. S. Baker +
overlapping +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
deltate +  and unlobed +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
muriculate +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Clausen’s violet +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
1600 m +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
lateral +  and upper +
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
Hanging gardens, seeps, springs, shady areas +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
ciliate +  and eciliate +
glandular-toothed +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
prostrate +  and ascending +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
purple-veined +
light violet +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Jun. +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
deep-seated +
dark-brown;black +
ovoid;spherical +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
lanceolate +  and ovate +
subequal +
longitudinal +
Conservation concern +  and Endemic +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
elongated +
gibbous +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
leafy +  and simple +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
vertical;horizontal;erect;ascending +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
lanceolate +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Chrysion +, Crocion +  and Lophion +
Viola clauseniana +
species +
not stoloniferous +  and acaulescent +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +