Viola lanceolata

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 934. 1753.

Common names: Lance-leaved or bog white violet violette lancéolée
Endemic
Synonyms: Viola lanceolata subsp. vittata (Greene) N. Russell V. lanceolata var. vittata (Greene) Weatherby & Griscom V. vittata
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 135. Mentioned on page 115, 136, 148.

Plants perennial, acaulescent, stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; stolons pale, often rooting and leafy at nodes; rhizome slender, fleshy. Leaves basal, 2–6 (–9), ascending to erect; stipules linearlanceolate, margins entire or irregularly lacerate (at least distally), apex acute; petiole 2–12 cm, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to nearly linear, 2.5–12 × 0.7–2.5 cm, longer than wide, base attenuate, margins serrate, mostly eciliate, apex acute, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous. Peduncles 2–17 cm, usually pubescent. Flowers: sepals ovate to lanceolate, margins mostly eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded or beardless, lowest 7–12 mm, spur white, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. Capsules ellipsoid, 5–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds beige to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. 2n = 24.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat: Open to semi-open wet areas, bogs, meadows, pond and lake shores, stream banks, seasonally inundated depressions
Elevation: 0–2000 m

Distribution

V6 229-distribution-map.jpg

St. Pierre and Miquelon, B.C., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Viola lanceolata occurs in small colonies; individual plants are interconnected by stolons.

Viola lanceolata subsp. vittata was recognized by N. H. Russell (1955) based on its linear leaf blade shape. The range in leaf blade shape appears to have no distinct line of demarcation. Some believe that leaf shape differences and near restriction to the coastal plain support recognition at some level. Studies are necessary to resolve this issue.

J. H. Shultze (1946) reported that Viola lanceolata was introduced into Washington in the early 1900s primarily from Cape Cod and Wisconsin as a result of importation of cranberry vines. In British Columbia, it is known from Lulu Island, where it was introduced from eastern North America (G. W. Douglas et al. 1998–2002, vol. 5).

Viola lanceolata reportedly hybridizes with V. primulifolia var. primulifolia (= V. ×modesta House) and V. macloskeyi (= V. ×sublanceolata House).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number. "narrow" is not a number.

... more about "Viola lanceolata"
mucronulate;acute;acute +
not +  and prominent +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
Linnaeus +
attenuate +
overlapping +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
longer than wide +
narrowly elliptic to nearly linear +, lanceolate +  and unlobed +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
muriculate +
ellipsoid +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Lance-leaved or bog white violet +  and violette lancéolée +
St. Pierre and Miquelon +, B.C. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
0–2000 m +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
lateral +  and upper +
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
Open to semi-open wet areas, bogs, meadows, pond and lake shores, stream banks, seasonally inundated depressions +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
ascending;erect +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
lacerate +  and entire +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
prostrate +  and ascending +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (17 cm170 mm <br />0.17 m <br />) +
purple-veined +
lowest +  and lateral +
beardless +  and bearded +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–May. +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
deep-seated +
beige;bronze +
ovoid;spherical +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
ovate +  and lanceolate +
subequal +
longitudinal +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
elongated +
gibbous +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
leafy +  and simple +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
vertical;horizontal;erect;ascending +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
leafy +  and rooting +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
Viola lanceolata subsp. vittata +, V. lanceolata var. vittata +  and V. vittata +
Viola lanceolata +
species +
stoloniferous +  and acaulescent +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +