Viola orbiculata

(A. Gary) Geyer ex B. D. Jackson in B. D. Jackson et al.

in B. D. Jackson et al., Index Kew. 2(4): 1208. 1895.

Common names: Round-leaved or round-leaved wood or western round-leaved or evergreen violet violette orbiculaire
Endemic
Basionym: Viola sarmentosa var. orbiculata A. Gray in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(1,1): 199. 1895
Synonyms: V. sempervirens var. orbiculata (A. Gray) J. K. Henry
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 141. Mentioned on page 118, 155.

Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–9 cm. Stems 1–5, prostrate or erect, leafy proximally and distally, usually glabrous, from current and/or previous year’s growth, on usually vertical, fleshy rhizome. Leaves basal and cauline; basal: 3–11; stipules deltate to lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 2.1–10.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent; blade usually orbiculate to broadly ovate, sometimes reniform, 1.4–5.3 × 1.4–5.3 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to serrulate-crenulate, eciliate or sparingly ciliate, apex usually obtuse, rarely acute, abaxial surface usually glabrous, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules lanceolate to ovate, margins usually entire, ciliate; petiole 0.7–1 cm, glabrous or pubescent; blade 1.2–2 × 1.1–1.4 cm. Peduncles 2.7–5.6 cm, glabrous. Flowers: sepals narrow to broadly lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.5 mm; upper 2 and lateral 2 petals deep lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 usually bearded, lowest 8–17 mm, spur usually yellow, sometimes whitish, gibbous, 1.5–2.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. Capsules ellipsoid, 6–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds light to dark-brown, sometimes mottled with white, 2–2.3 mm. 2n = 24.


Phenology: Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat: Alpine and montane slopes, moist montane coniferous forests, canyons, meadows, lake margins
Elevation: 700–1700 m

Distribution

V6 242-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash., Wyo.

Discussion

During winter, the basal leaves of Viola orbiculata are appressed to the ground under the weight of snow. The leaves overwinter and are often partly or entirely green after the snow has melted. Mature plants possess 3–11 basal leaves, some derived from previous years and others from the current year’s growth. Occasional plants are found with short, thin stems rooted at the tip and producing a rosette of leaves and stems, showing the close relationship with V. sempervirens.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number. "narrow" is not a number.

... more about "Viola orbiculata"
acute;obtuse;acute;acuminate +
not +  and prominent +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
(A. Gary) Geyer ex B. D. Jackson in B. D. Jackson et al. +
cordate +
Viola sarmentosa var. orbiculata +
overlapping +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
reniform +, usually orbiculate +  and broadly ovate +
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
muriculate +
ellipsoid +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Round-leaved or round-leaved wood or western round-leaved or evergreen violet +  and violette orbiculaire +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Oreg. +, Wash. +  and Wyo. +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
700–1700 m +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
axillary +, lateral +  and upper +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
Alpine and montane slopes, moist montane coniferous forests, canyons, meadows, lake margins +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
cauline +  and basal +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
crenate +  and serrulate-crenulate +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br /> (5.6 cm56 mm <br />0.056 m <br />) +
brownish purple-veined +  and lemon-yellow +
lowest +, lateral +, upper +  and lower +
2 +  and 3 +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Flowering May–Aug. +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
in B. D. Jackson et al., Index Kew. +
deep-seated +
mottled with white;light;dark-brown +
ovoid;spherical +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br />) +
lanceolate +
subequal +
longitudinal +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
whitish +  and yellow +
elongated +
gibbous +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
erect;prostrate +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
lanceolate;ovate +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
V. sempervirens var. orbiculata +
Viola orbiculata +
species +
not stoloniferous +  and caulescent +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +