Viola primulifolia

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 934. 1753.

Endemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 148. Mentioned on page 115.

Plants perennial, acaulescent, stoloniferous, (3–) 5–20 (–36) cm; stolons pale, often rooting and leafy at nodes; rhizome thick or slender, fleshy. Leaves basal, 4–8, prostrate to ascending; stipules linearlanceolate, margins ± crenate-serrate, sometimes glandular, apex acute; petiole (1–) 3–13 (–29) cm, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, elliptic to narrowly or broadly ovate, (1.5–) 3–7 (–9) × 1–3 (–3.5) cm, longer than wide, base broadly cordate to attenuate, rarely ± truncate, margins crenulate to serrulate, sometimes glandular, mostly eciliate, apex acute to rounded, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Peduncles (3–) 6–18 (–28) cm, glabrous. Flowers: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins usually eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded or beardless, lowest 9–14 (–16) mm, spur white, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers present or absent. Capsules ellipsoid, (5–) 8–9 mm, glabrous. Seeds beige to bronze, 1.5–2 mm. 2n = 24.

Distribution

V6 258-distribution-map.jpg

Ala., Ark., Calif., Conn., D.C., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., Vt., W.Va.

Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Viola primulifolia occurs in small colonies; individual plants are interconnected by stolons.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Leaf blades elliptic to widely ovate, base broadly cordate to attenuate, surfaces sparsely pubescent, rarely glabrous; cleistogamous flowers present; c, e United States. Viola primulifolia var. primulifolia
1 Leaf blades elliptic to narrowly ovate, base usually attenuate, rarely ± truncate, surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent; cleistogamous flowers absent; nw California, sw Oregon. Viola primulifolia var. occidentalis

"thick" is not a number.

... more about "Viola primulifolia"
mucronulate;acute;rounded +
not +  and prominent +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
Linnaeus +
broadly cordate +  and attenuate +
overlapping +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
longer than wide +
elliptic +  and narrowly or broadly ovate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
muriculate +
ellipsoid +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Conn. +, D.C. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Mass. +, Md. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, N.C. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +, Vt. +  and W.Va. +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
lateral +  and upper +
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
prostrate;ascending +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
crenulate to serrulate +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br /> (28 cm280 mm <br />0.28 m <br />) +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
purple-veined +
1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
lowest +, lateral +  and lower +
beardless +  and bearded +
2 +  and 3 +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br /> (29 cm290 mm <br />0.29 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br />) +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
deep-seated +
beige;bronze +
ovoid;spherical +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
lanceolate +  and ovate +
subequal +
longitudinal +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
elongated +
gibbous +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
leafy +  and simple +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
vertical;horizontal;erect;ascending +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
leafy +  and rooting +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Chrysion +, Crocion +  and Lophion +
Viola primulifolia +
species +
stoloniferous +  and acaulescent +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (36 cm360 mm <br />0.36 m <br />) +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +