Viola purpurea var. venosa

(S. Watson) Brainerd

Bull. Vermont Agric. Exp. Sta. 224: 111. 1921.

Common names: Purple-marked yellow violet violette veinée
EndemicIllustrated
Basionym: Viola nuttallii var. venosa S. Watson Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 35. 1871
Synonyms: V. atriplicifolia Greene V. aurea var. venosa (S. Watson) S. Watson V. purpurea subsp. atriplicifolia (Greene) M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen V. purpurea subsp. venosa (S. Watson) M. S. Baker & J. C. Clausen
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 153. Mentioned on page 150, 162.

Plants 3–8.5 (–12) cm. Stems decumbent or erect, mostly buried, not much elongated by end of season, ± glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: basal: 1–5; petiole 5–10.3 cm, puberulent; blade purple-tinted abaxially, green adaxially, often shiny, ± orbiculate to ovate, 0.8–3.3 × 0.5–3.6 cm, ± fleshy, base truncate or ± cordate, oblique or not, margins usually irregularly dentate or crenate with 2–4 rounded teeth per side, sometimes coarse-serrate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface puberulent, adaxial surface glabrous, glabrate, or sparsely puberulent; cauline: petiole 0.8–6 cm, puberulent; blade ovate, ± oblong or lanceolate, 0.9–2.7 × 0.6–2.9 cm, length 0.9–2.3 times width, margins usually coarsely crenate or dentate, sometimes ± serrate or ± entire, abaxial surface puberulent, adaxial surface glabrous (except along veins) to sparsely puberulent. Peduncles 2.9–7 cm, glabrous or puberulent. Lowest petal 6–14 mm. Capsules 4–5.5 mm. Seeds medium brown, 2–2.6 mm.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Sep.
Habitat: Pine forests, deserts, gravelly plains, edges of wet meadows, grassy or rocky slopes, shaded or exposed areas, ridges, dry to moist soil, near snowdrifts
Elevation: 1300–3400 m

Distribution

V6 271-distribution-map.jpg

B.C., Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo.

Discussion

Variety venosa is the most wide-ranging member of the Viola purpurea complex. It has been reported to hybridize with V. utahensis in Idaho, Nevada, and Utah (G. Davidse 1976).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number. "narrow" is not a number."elongated" is not a number.

glabrous +  and sparsely puberulent +
acute;obtuse +
not +  and prominent +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
(S. Watson) Brainerd +
not +  and oblique +
cordate +  and truncate +
Viola nuttallii var. venosa +
overlapping +
green +  and purple-tinted +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br />) +
lanceolate +, oblong +, ovate +  and less orbiculate +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (2.9 cm29 mm <br />0.029 m <br />) +
muriculate +
ovoid +  and more or less spherical +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (5.2 cm52 mm <br />0.052 m <br />) +
puberulent +  and glabrous +
lanceolate +, deltate +, elliptic +, oblong +, more or less oblong +  and ovate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (2.9 cm29 mm <br />0.029 m <br />) +
Purple-marked yellow violet +  and violette veinée +
B.C. +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, Utah +, Wash. +  and Wyo. +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
1300–3400 m +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
lateral +  and upper +
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
Pine forests, deserts, gravelly plains, edges of wet meadows, grassy or rocky slopes, shaded or exposed areas, ridges, dry to moist soil, near snowdrifts +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
cauline +  and basal +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
entire +, serrate +, dentate +  and coarse-serrate +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
crenate +  and dentate +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
puberulent +  and glabrous +
2.9 cm29 mm <br />0.029 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Sep. +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
lanceolate;more or less deltate +
Bull. Vermont Agric. Exp. Sta. +
deep-seated +
subligneous +
ovoid;spherical +
medium +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br />) +
subequal +
longitudinal +
Endemic +  and Illustrated +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
elongated +
gibbous +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
erect;decumbent +
puberulent +  and glabrous +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
tomentose +, puberulent +  and glabrous +
V. atriplicifolia +, V. aurea var. venosa +, V. purpurea subsp. atriplicifolia +  and V. purpurea subsp. venosa +
Viola purpurea var. venosa +
Viola purpurea +
variety +
2 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
rounded +
not stoloniferous +  and caulescent +
8.5 cm85 mm <br />0.085 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +
laciniate +  and entire +
membranous +