Viola sagittata var. sagittata

[E]
Endemic
Synonyms: Viola emarginata (Nuttall) Leconte V. sagittata var. emarginata Nuttall V. sagittata var. subsagittata (Greene) Pollard V. subsagittata
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 156. Mentioned on page 120, 125, 128, 134, 159.

Leaves: earliest blades ovate to elliptic; mid-season blades ovate or narrowly elliptic to narrowly deltate, 1.5–7 × 1–5 cm, base sagittate, hastate, or ± cordate, margins serrate, ciliate or eciliate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Sepal margins eciliate. Cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. 2n = 54.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat: Sandy, open woods, fields, disturbed ground, roadsides, powerline rights-of-way
Elevation: 50–2500 m

Distribution

V6 278-distribution-map.jpg

N.S., Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Although exhibiting variation in leaf-blade shape, var. sagittata is usually easily distinguished. There have been misconceptions regarding the identity of Viola emarginata, a species thought for a time to be different from V. sagittata. The type specimen of V. emarginata is conspecific with that of V. sagittata; E. L. Greene (1898b), apparently not having seen the type, portrayed V. emarginata with a somewhat deltate leaf form. N. H. Russell and A. C. Risser (1960) suggested that most collections representing V. emarginata were hybrids.

Variety sagittata reportedly hybridizes with V. cucullata (= V. ×porteriana Pollard), V. hirsutula (= V. ×redacta House), V. pedatifida var. brittoniana (= V. ×mulfordiae Pollard), V. sagittata var. ovata (= V. ×abundans House), and V. sororia var. sororia (= V. ×conjugens Greene).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number.

acute;acute +
not +  and prominent +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
cordate +, hastate +  and sagittate +
overlapping +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
narrowly elliptic +  and narrowly deltate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
muriculate +
ellipsoid +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
shape +  and width +
crenate +, lobed +, incised +, deltate +, elliptic +  and ovate +
shape +  and width +
ovate +  and elliptic +
shape +  and width +
crenate +, cordate +, attenuate +, truncate +, hastate +, sagittate +, lobed +, incised +, deltate +, elliptic +  and ovate +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
50–2500 m +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
lateral +  and upper +
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
Sandy, open woods, fields, disturbed ground, roadsides, powerline rights-of-way +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
ascending;erect +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
auriculate +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
ascending +  and erect +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
dark violet-veined +, white +, light +  and dark violet +
lateral +, lowest +  and lower +
2 +  and 3 +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–May. +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
deep-seated +
mottled;bronze +
ovoid;spherical +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
lanceolate +  and ovate +
subequal +
longitudinal +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
light +  and dark violet +
elongated +
gibbous +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
leafy +  and simple +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
vertical;horizontal;erect;ascending +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Viola emarginata +, V. sagittata var. emarginata +, V. sagittata var. subsagittata +  and V. subsagittata +
Viola sagittata var. sagittata +
Viola sagittata +
variety +
not stoloniferous +  and acaulescent +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +